A. COMMONLY AVAILABLE HERBS
ALFALFAMedicago saliva; Leguminosae Part Used: herb
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Energetics: astringent, sweet/cooling/pungent PK- V+
Tissues: plasma, blood Systems: circulatory, urinary Actions: alterative, diuretic, antipyretic, hemostatic Indications: ulcers, edema, arthritis, vitamin or mineral deficiency Precautions: high Vata Preparation: infusion, powder (250 mg to 1 g)
ALFALFA is a natural mineral and vitamin supplement. It contains organic minerals like calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium, and almost all known vitamins. It is also very high in chlorophyll. As such, it combines well with other natural supplements like dandelion, horsetail, nettles and parsley.
However, it is not entirely tonic or nutritive in the Ayurvedic sense, for by itself it does not really provide substance for building tissue. Its action is cleansing and detoxifying. It has a drying effect that may aggravate Vata, increasing emaciation.
For such individuals, it is best taken occasionally or as balanced out by more nutritive tonics.
It is a mild blood purifier and a good general beverage for Pitta (and also, to a lesser degree, Kapha) constitutions.
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ALOEAloe spy.; Liliaceae
(S) Kumari, a young girl or virgin; aloe is so called because it imparts the energy of youth and brings about the renewal of the female nature.
(C) Lu hui Part Used: gel (fresh or powdered)
Energetics: bitter, astringent, pungent, sweet/cooling/sweet VPK
=
(gel), powder except in very low dosages will aggravate V
Tissues: works on all tissues Systems:
circulatory digestive, female reproductive, excretory Actions: alterative, bitter tonic, rejuvenative, emmenagogue, purgative, vulnerary Indications: fever, constipation, obesity, inflammatory skin conditions, swollen glands, conjunctivitis, bursitis, jaundice, hepatitis, enlarged liver or spleen, herpes, venereal diseases, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menopause, vaginitis, tumors, intestinal worms Precautions: pregnancy, uterine bleeding Preparation: fresh gel, powder (100 to 500 mg)
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ALOE gel is a wonderful tonic for the liver and spleen, for the blood and the female reproductive system. Aloe regulates sugar and fat metabolism and tonifies all the agnis, the digestive enzymes of the body; and at the same time it reduces Pitta. It is rejuvenative for Pitta and for the uterus.
Two teaspoons of it can be taken three times a day with a pinch of turmeric, as a general tonic. It is more palatable mixed with water or apple juice. Or three ounces of the gel can be taken from a fresh plant along with three ounces of water, three teaspoons of salt, brought to a boil and combined with one ounce of raw sugar and taken in teaspoonful doses.
Commercial aloe juices are often diluted and combined with other additives that may give them a different effect.
As a nutritive tonic, aloe can be combined with shatavari, as a bitter tonic with gentian, and as an alterative and emmenagogue with man-jishta. The fresh juice can be applied externally for burns, sores, herpes, etc.
Aloe powder is a powerful laxative that must be used in small amounts. The powder’s taste is nauseating and so it should be taken in capsules. The powder can also cause severe griping and should be taken with a carminative herb like turmeric or rose flowers.
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BARBERRYBerberis spy.; Btrbtridactat
(S) Daruharidra, wood turmeric, owing to its similar properties to turmeric Part Used: root Energetics: bitter, astringent/heating/pungent PK- V+
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Tissues: plasma, blood, fat Systems: circulatory, digestive Actions:
bitter tonic, alterative, antipyretic, laxative, anthelmintic, bacteriocidal, amoebicidal Indications: fever (remittent and intermittent), enlargement of liver and spleen, conjunctivitis, acne, boils, chronic dysentery (amoebic, bacillary), jaundice, hepatitis, diabetes Precautions: high Vata, tissue deficiency Preparation: decoction, powder (250 mg to 1 g), medicated ghee, paste BARBERRY is a bitter herb with a special heating potency
(prabhava), which is its special property to destroy Ama or toxins in the body. Generally speaking, it can be treated like other bitter herbs, with its Arta-reducing and Vata-increasing attributes. However, in this respect it is less likely to aggravate Vata (particularly when combined with turmeric)
than other such herbs.
Barberry is specific for cleansing the liver and regulating its function. For reducing Ama or fat in the body, it is combined with turmeric. With twice the amount of turmeric it can be used in diabetes. For controlling Pitta it can be used with other bitter tonics like golden seal or nimb leaves.
BASILOcinum spy.; Labiatae
(S) Tulsi
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Part Used: herb Energetics: pungent/heating/pungent VK- P+ (in excess)
Tissues: plasma, blood, marrow and nerves, reproductive Systems: respiratory, nervous, digestive Properties: diaphoretic, febrifuge, nervine, antispasmodic, antibacterial, antiseptic Actions: colds, cough, sinus congestion, headaches, arthritis, rheumatism, fevers (generally), abdominal distention Precautions: high Pitta Preparation: infusion, powder (250 mg to 1 g), juice, medicated ghee Next to the Lotus, BASIL is perhaps the most sacred plant of India. Its quality is pure Sattva. Basil opens the heart and mind, bestowing the energy of love and devotion (bhakti).
Sacred to Vishnu and Krishna, it strengthens faith, compassion and clarity. Tulsi stems are worn as rosaries and promote the energy of attachment. Basil gives the protection of the divine by clearing the aura and strengthening the immune system. It contains natural mercury, which, as the semen of Shiva, gives the seed-power of pure awareness.
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A plant of basil should be kept in every house for its purifying influence. Basil absorbs positive ions, energizes negative ions, and liberates ozone from the sun’s rays.
Basil is an effective diaphoretic and febrifuge in most colds, flus and lung problems. It removes excess Kapha from the lungs and nasal passages, increasing Prana and promoting sensory acuity. It also removes high Vata from the colon, improves absorption and strengthens the nerve tissue, increasing memory. Basil may be taken as a beverage with honey for promoting clarity of mind.
The fresh leaf juice is used externally for fungal infections on the skin.
BAYBERRYMyrica spy.; Myricaceae
(S) Katphah Part Used: bark, fruit Energetics: pungent, astringent/heating/pungent KV- P+
Tissues: plasma, blood, marrow and nerve Systems: respiratory, nervous, circulatory, lymphatic Actions:
diaphoretic, expectorant, astringent, emetic, antispasmodic, alterative Indications:
colds, flus, laryngitis, sinus and nasal congestion, sore throat, asthma, bronchitis, adenoids, fever, bleeding gums, chronic sores, epilepsy
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Precautions: high Pitta, hyperacidity, hypertension Preparation: decoction, powder (250 mg to 1 g), paste BAYBERRY is a powerful anti-Kapha medicine. It dispels colds, mucus, cleanses the lymphatics and promotes emesis, all of which subdues high Kapha. It improves the voice, opens the mind and senses and clears the sinuses. Bayberry is a primary diaphoretic for colds and flus and works well with cinnamon and ginger. As an effective medicine for sore throats, spongy gums, it may be gargled. It can be “snuffed”
nasally or smoked to clear the lungs and sinuses. It decon-gests Vata in the head and strengthens Prana.
Bayberry promotes the healing of mucous membranes and when used as a paste or wash, it is good for old wounds and sores that do not heal.
Bayberry is sacred to Shiva and Shakti. Bayberry fruit is offered to Durga. The dry skin of the fruit is smoked to help calm the mind and open perception. Its quality is sattvic. It is one of the best herbs for the initial stage of diseases and mobilizes the defensive energy of the body.
BLACK PEPPERPiper nigrum; Piperaceae
(S) Marich, a name for the sun, owing to its containing large amounts of solar energy
(C) Hu jiao Part Used: fruit Energetics: pungent/heating/pungent
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KV- P+
Tissues: plasma, blood, fat, marrow and nerve Systems: digestive, circulatory, respiratory Actions:
stimulant, expectorant, carminative, febrifuge, anthelmintic Indications: chronic indigestion, toxins in colon, degenerated metabolism, obesity, sinus congestion, fever, intermittent fever, cold extremities Precautions:
inflammatory conditions of the digestive organs, high Pitta Preparation: infusion, powder (100 to 500 mg), milk decoction, medicated ghee BLACK PEPPER is one of the most powerful digestive stimulants. It burns up Ama and cleanses the alimentary canal
(energizing Agni to destroy toxins and digest food). Black pepper can be taken nasally as a medicated ghee to relieve sinus congestion, headaches, and even epileptic seizures. It is a good antidote to cold food like cucumbers and for excessive intake of raw food and salads. Used externally it helps ripen boils and promote suppuration. Prepared in ghee, it heals inflamed surfaces, such as in urticaria and erysipelas. With honey, it is a powerful expectorant and mucus-cleanser, drying up secretions. If used excessively, black pepper can act as an irritant as its quality is rajasic.
BURDOCKArctium fayya; Compositae
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(C) Niu bang Part Used: root and seeds Energetics: bitter, pungent and astringent (root also sweet)/
cooling/pungent PK– V+ (in excess)
Tissues: plasma, blood Systems: respiratory, urinary, circulatory, lymphatic Actions: alterative, diaphoretic, diuretic, antipyretic Indications: inflammatory skin conditions, rashes, cold with fever and sore throat, toxins in the blood, lymphatic clogging, nephritis, edema, kidney inflammation, hypertension Precautions: anemia, chronic chills, high Vata Preparation: infusion (cold or hot), decoction (root), powder
(250 mg to 1 g), paste BURDOCK has a strong action in cleansing the blood and the lymphatics. It clears congestion, reduces swelling and dispels toxins (either from the skin or through diuresis). Burdock seeds have a strong diuretic and detoxifying action and help relieve cough. Burdock root has more nutritive properties and is less likely to increase Vata. It can be considered a tonic and rejuvenative for Pitta for use on a regular basis. It is good for helping clear high Piitogenic emotions like anger, aggression and ambition.
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Burdock can be used in most Ama conditions, including toxic fever (Ama jvara) and arthritis {Ama Vata). Burdock root works well with yellow dock. Burdock seeds can be used with coriander seeds. As a tonic for Pitta, burdock root can be combined with bhringaraj, in proportions of
2
to
\, respectively.
CALAMUS ROOT (Sweet Flag)Acorus calamus; Araceae
(S) Vacha, which means literally “speaking” the power of the word, of intelligence or self-expression that this herb stimulates
(C) Shi chang pu Part Used: rhizome Energetics: pungent, bitter, astringent/heating/pungent VK- P+
Tissues:
plasma, muscle, fat, marrow and nerve, reproductive Systems:
nervous, respiratory, digestive, circulatory, reproductive Actions: stimulant, rejuvenative, expectorant, decongestant, nervine, antispasmodic, emetic Indications: colds, cough, asthma, sinus headaches, sinusitis, arthritis, epilepsy, shock, coma, loss of memory, deafness, hysteria, neuralgia
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Precautions: bleeding disorders including epistaxis, bleeding hemorrhoids Preparation: decoction, milk decoction, powder (250 to 500
mg), paste CALAMUS
is currently under F.D.A. restrictions, not recommended for internal usage and held to be toxic.
However, it has been used in Ayurveda for many thousands of years, being one of the most reknowned herbs of the ancient Vedic seers. It is a rejuvenative for the brain and the nervous system, which it purifies and revitalizes. As such it is also a rejuvenative for Vata, and secondarily for Kapha. It clears the subtle channels of toxins and obstructions. It promotes cerebral circulation, increases sensitivity, sharpens memory and enhances awareness. It is sattvic and one of the best herbs for the mind, along with brahtni (gotu kola) for which purposes it can be combined. It also helps transmute sexual energy and feeds kundahni.
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It can be applied externally as a paste on the forehead for headaches or on painful arthritic joints. It is perhaps the best herb for nasal administration, for nasal congestion and nasal polyps, and it directly revitalizes Prana. In large doses it is an emetic, lb counter its emetic properties for general usage, it can be taken with equal amounts of fresh ginger, 2 grams each per cup of water, with a little honey.
The powder taken nasally, in small doses, is also a simple and effective restorative to those in shock or coma.
CAMPHORCinnamotnum camyhora; Laumccac
(S) Karyura
(C) Jand Part Used: crystallized distilled oil Energetics: pungent, bitter/heating (slightly)/pungent KV- P+ (in excess)
Tissues: plasma, blood, fat, marrow and nerve Systems: respiratory, nervous Actions: expectorant, decongestant, stimulant, antispasmodic, broncho-dilator, nervine, analgesic, antiseptic Indications: bronchitis, asthma, whooping cough, pulmonary congestion, hysteria, epilepsy, delirium, insomnia,
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dysmenorrhea, gout, rheumatism, nasal congestion, sinus headaches, eye problems, tooth decay Precautions: in excess, camphor acts as a narcotic poison, aggravating Pitta and Vata; use only in prescribed low dosages Preparation: infusion (cold, half-ounce crystals to one gallon of water, dosage 2 ounces), powder (100 to 250 mg), medicated oil CAMPHOR increases Prana, opens up the senses and brings clarity to the mind. While in western herbalism it is used only externally as an oil, in Ayurveda it is also taken internally in small dosages in the form of infused or powdered camphor crystals. It is also applied to the eyes in small amounts;
though initially burning, it promotes tears and cools and clears the eyes. A pinch of camphor powder is taken nasally for congestion, headache and to awaken perception. It is burned as an incense externally during Puja, devotional worship, to purify the atmosphere (its quality is sattvic), and promote meditation.
Camphor is perhaps the main herb used in medicated oils throughout the world. It works well in sesame oil: 1 ounce of powder per pint of oil. As such, it is a good stimulant and counter-irritant for joint and muscle pain. Camphor infusion can also be boiled and its vapor inhaled for respiratory application. Use only the raw camphor for internal usage, not the commonly sold synthetic camphor.
CARDAMOMEkttaria cardamomum; Zingiberaccae
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(S) Ela
(C) Sha ren Part Used: seed Energetics: pungent, sweet/heating/pungent VK– P+ (in excess)
Tissues: plasma, blood, marrow and nerve Systems: digestive, respiratory, circulatory, nervous Actions:
stimulant, expectorant, carminative, stomachic, diaphoretic Indications: colds, cough, bronchitis, asthma, hoarse voice, loss of taste, poor absorption, indigestion Precautions: ulcers, high Pitta Preparation: infusion (do not boil), powder (100 to 500 mg), milk decoction CARDAMOM is one of the best and safest digestive stimulants. It awakens the spleen, stimulates samana vayu, enkindles Agni and removes Kapha from the stomach and lungs. It stimulates the mind and heart and gives clarity and joy. Added to milk it neutralizes its mucus forming properties and it detoxifies caffein in coffee. Its quality is sattvic and it is particularly good for opening and soothing the flow of the yranas in the body.
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Cardamom is good for the nervous digestive upset of children or of high Vata and in this regard combines well with fennel.
It helps stop vomiting, belching, or acid regurgitation.
CAYENNE PEPPERCapsicum annuum; Solanaceae
(S) Marichi-phalanx, fruit of the sun, like black pepper
(marich), it contains large amounts of solar energy Part Used: frui Energetics: pungent/heating/pungent KV- P+
Tissues: plasma, blood, some action on marrow, nerves and reproductive Systems: digestive, circulatory respiratory Actions: Stimulant, diaphoretic, expectorant, carminative, alterative, hemostatic, anthelmintic Indications: indigestion, Ama, poor absorption, abdominal distention, worms, sinus congestion, chronic chill, poor circulation Precautions:
ulcers, gastritis, enteritis, inflammatory conditions of the g.i. tract generally speaking, irritant to mucous membranes Preparation: infusion, powder (low dosage, 100 to 500 mg)
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According to Ayurveda, CAYENNE is not a panacea, though it is a very valuable medicine. It is a strong stimulant, both circulatory and digestive, and a strong dispeller of internal and external cold. It is food for Agni. However, cayenne can aggravate inflammatory conditions in the body. Although it is not to be used indiscriminately, it does enhance the properties of many other herbs.
Cayenne has strong hemostatic action and can be used in acute condition to stop bleeding. However, long term usage of cayenne can promote hemorrhaging by its heating property. It is helpful in cases of heart weakness or heart attack for revival purposes, but it can also aggravate high Pitta, which causes some heart attacks.
Cayenne can be used with other herbs wherever stimulant action is required. It is particularly effective in burning toxins from the colon. It has similar properties to black pepper but is stronger in short term usage and weaker in long term effect.
Its quality is rajasic and so it may increase disturbance in the mind if used too much.
CHAMOMILE
Anthemis nobilis (Roman)
Matricaria chamomilla (German);
Compositae Part Used: flowers, herb Energetics: bitter, pungent/cooling/pungent KP- V+ (in excess)
Tissues: plasma, blood, muscles, marrow and nerve
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Systems: respiratory, digestive, nervous Actions: diaphoretic, carminative, nervine, antispasmodic, analgesic, emmenagogue, emetic Indications: headaches, indigestion, digestive and nervous problems of children, colic, eye inflammations, jaundice, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea Precautions: large dosages are emetic and may aggravate Vata Preparation: infusion (hot or cold), powder (250 to 1 g), paste CHAMOMILE
is a popular beverage tea with many therapeutic values. In moderate amounts it is good for all constitutions, and it is a particularly good beverage for Pitta.
It helps relieve bilious, digestive headaches, relieves congestion of the blood and promotes menstruation. It is a sattvic herb that is very balancing to the emotions. It sedates nerve pain and strengthens the eyes.
A little fresh ginger prepared with it makes chamomile a completely balanced beverage and counters any emetic effect it might have. Externally, it can be used as an eye wash or as a poultice for nerve pains. For most medical purposes its action is mild and serves as a harmonizing adjunct.
CINNAMONCinnamomum zeyknicum; Lauraceac
(S) Twak
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(C) Gui Part Used: bark Energetics: pungent, sweet, astringent/heating/sweet VK- P+
Tissues: plasma, blood, muscles, marrow and nerves Systems: circulatory, digestive, respiratory urinary Actions:
stimulant, diaphoretic, carminative, alterative, expectorant, diuretic, analgesic Indications: colds, sinus congestion, bronchitis, dyspepsia Precautions: high Pitta, bleeding disorders Preparation: infusion, decoction, powder (500 mg to 1 g)
CINNAMON is an effective herb for strengthening and harmonizing the flow of circulation (vyana vayu). It is a good diaphoretic and expectorant in colds and flus, and is especially good for those of weak constitution. It is a pain reliever for toothache and muscle tension. It strengthens the heart, warms the kidneys and promotes Agni. Like ginger, it is almost a universal medicine, and is less likely to aggravate Pitta than ginger. It is a good general beverage (its quality is sattvic) for Vata constitution.
It is the basis for the Three Aromatics, along with cardamom and bay leaves.
These three help promote digestion,
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strengthen samana vayu, and help in the absorption of medicines. They occur together like Trikatu (dry ginger, black pepper and pippah), in many Ayurvedic formulas.
CLOVESCaryoyhyllus arotnaticus; Myrtaceae
(S) Lavanga
(C) Ding xiang Part Used: dried flower buds Energetics: pungent/heating/pungent KV- P+
Tissues: plasma, muscle, marrow and nerve, reproductive Actions:
stimulant, expectorant, carminative, analgesic, aphrodisiac Indications: colds, cough, asthma, indigestion, toothache, vomiting, hiccough, laryngitis, pharyngitis, low blood pressure, impotence Precautions: inflammatory condition, hypertension, high Pitta Preparation: infusion (do not boil), powder (250 to 500 mg), milk decoction CLOVES are an effective stimulant and aromatic for the lungs and
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stomach. They dispel chill and disinfect the lymphatics.
Along widi rock candy, they are effective in colds and cough.
The volatile oil is a powerful analgesic. Cloves are mildly aphrodisiac. They are very heating and their energizing effect may be a little irritating owing to their rajasic quality.
COMFREYSymphytum officinale; Boraginaceae Part Used: root and leaves Energetics: sweet, astringent/cooling/sweet PV- K+
Tissues: plasma, blood, muscle, bone, marrow and nerve Systems: respiratory, digestive, circulatory, nervous Actions: nutritive tonic, demulcent, expectorant, emollient, vulnerary, astringent, hemostatic Indications: cough, lung infections, coughing blood, lung hemorrhage, gastrointestinal ulcers, blood in urine, diarrhea, dysentery, sprains, fractures, wounds, sores, boils Precautions: edema, malabsorption, obesity, high Ama Preparation: decoction, milk decoction, powder (250 mg to
1 g), paste COMFREY is a powerful tonic and vulnerary; the root has stronger tonic properties, while the leaves are more astringent and anthnflammatory. Comfrey root is a nutritive and
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rejuvenative tonic to the lungs and the mucous membranes. It can be used in most conditions where membranes are inflamed, bleeding or wasting away. Comfrey is one of the best agents for promoting tissue growth, externally and internally, and healing throughout the body, when it has been afflicted by disease or traumatic injuries.
As a tonic and hemostatic, two teaspoons of powder can be boiled in one cup of milk. For expectorant action it should be combined with hot spices like ginger, cloves and cardamom as by itself it can cause congestion. As a lung tonic it can be used with elecampane root. It is a rasayana for Vata and Pitta, for the lungs, the plasma (rasa dhatu) and the bones. It is one of the most powerful agents–a true tonic–for promoting new tissue growth.
CORIANDERCoriandrutn sativum; Umbelkferae
(S) Dhanyaka
(C) Yan shi Part Used: fruit, fresh plant (cilantro, Chinese parsley)
Energetics: Bitter, pungent/cooling/pungent PKV=
Tissues: plasma, blood, muscle Systems: digestive, respiratory, urinary
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Actions:
alterative, diaphoretic, diuretic, carminative, stimulant Indications: burning urethra, cystitis, urinary tract infection, urticaria, rash, burns, sore throat, vomiting, indigestion, allergies, hay fever Precautions: few, except high Vata with nerve tissue deficiency Preparation: infusion (cold or hot), powder (250 to 500 mg), fresh juice (of cilantro)
CORIANDER seeds are a good household remedy for many Pitta disorders, particularly those of the digestive tract or urinary system. It is an effective digestive agent for Pitta conditions in which most spices are contraindicated or used with caution. The fresh juice of the herb is effective internally for allergies, hay fever and skin rashes; one teaspoon three times a day but it can also be used externally for itch and inflammation.
Similar in properties is cumin, which is an antidote for hot, pungent food (tomatoes, chilis, etc.). It increases digestion and absorption, and is good for diarrhea and dysentery.
Coriander, cumin and fennel seeds are related plants with similar properties. The three are often used together for digestive disorders, mainly owing to high Pitta, and are used together in various formulations to promote the assimilation of the other herbs.
DANDELIONTaraxacum officinale; Comyosiiat
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(C) Pu gong ying Part Used: root, herb Energetics: bitter, sweet/cooling/pungent PK- V+
Tissues: plasma, blood Systems: circulatory digestive, urinary lymphatic Actions: Alterative, diuretic, lithotriptic, laxative, bitter tonic Indications: liver problems, jaundice, gall stones, congested lymphatics, breast sores, breast cancer, hepatitis, diabetes, edema, ulcers Precautions: high Vata Preparation: decoction (root), powder (250 mg to 1 g), paste DANDELION is primarily a detoxifying herb for Pitta and Ama conditions. It is a specific for problems of the breast and mammary glands, breast sores, tumors, cysts, suppression of lactation, swollen lymph glands. It clears and cleanses the liver and gall bladder and dispels accumulated and stagnated Pitta and bile.
Dandelion root combines well with chicory root or burdock root, as an anti-A’Ma beverage (1/4 ounce of each can be simmered in one pint of water for twenty minutes and taken three times a day with meals. It is similar in properties to the
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Indian herb bhringaraj, which is a stronger tonic and nervine, and may substitute for it. Dandelion is good for detoxification from a meat that and over-eating of fatty and fried foods.
ECHINACEAEchinacea angustifoha; Compositae Part Used: root Energetics: bitter, pungent/cooling/pungent PK- V+
Tissues: plasma, blood Systems: circulatory, lymphatic, respiratory Actions:
alterative, diaphoretic, antibacterial, antiviral, antiseptic, analgesic Indication: toxic conditions of the blood, blood poisoning, gangrene, eczema, poisonous bites or stings, venereal diseases, prostatitis, infection, wounds, abscesses Precautions: anemia, vertigo, high Vata Preparation: infusion (hot or cold), powder (250 mg to 1 g), tincture ECHINACEA is probably the best detoxifying agent in western herbalism. It is a natural herbal antibiotic and counters the effects of most poisons in the body. It cleanses the blood and lymph systems, catalyzes the action of the white blood cells and helps arrest pus formation and tissue putrefaction. In terms of Ayurveda, it is used in destroying Atna.
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Its usage is somewhat similar to golden seal, but whereas golden seal acts more on the g.i. tract, echinacea is stronger on the blood and the lungs, for colds, flus, etc. Echinacea is less depleting on the body than golden seal, and so is preferable for more long term usage.
For lung infections, it combines well with its relative, elecampane.
Where it may cause dizziness or ungroundedness, it can be combined with licorice or marshmallow. Unlike golden seal, echinacea can be used in normal dosages, but care must be taken to get the plant fairly fresh (it loses its potency in six months or less), which is why a tincture is often preferable.
It can be used externally as a poultice or wash for toxic bites or infectious sores.
ELECAMPANEInula spy.; Comyositae
(S) Pushkaramuk
(C) Xuan fu Part Used: roots and flowers Energetics: pungent, bitter/heating/pungent KV- P+
Tissues: all except reproductive Systems: respiratory, nervous, digestive
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Actions: expectorant, antispasmodic, carminative, analgesic, rejuvenative Indications:
colds, asthma, cardiac asthma, pleurisy, dyspepsia, cough, nervous debility Precautions: high Pitta conditions generally Preparation: decoction, powder (250 mg to 1 g), paste ELECAMPANE is one of the best rejuvenative tonics for the lungs. It is effective for reducing excess Kapha and strengthening the muscles of the lungs, promoting longevity of the lung tissues. It helps to absorb water from the lungs and reduce swelling. It is one of the best expectorants and cough-relievers and has a calming action on the digestive system, the mind, and the female reproductive organs.
As a diaphoretic and expectorant it can be taken with such herbs as ginger, pippah, cinnamon and cardamom. As a tonic and rejuvenative it can be taken with such herbs as ashwagandha, comfrey root or marsh-mallow. It may be used externally as a paste for muscular pain, one-half ounce may be simmered in one pint of water for 20 minutes and taken three times a day after meals, with honey as a lung tonic.
FENNEL SEEDSFocnicukm vulgaris; Umbelkferae
(S) Shatapushpa, what possesses a hundred flowers
(C) Xiao hue xiang Part Used: fruit (seeds)
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Energetics: sweet, pungent/cooling (slightly)/sweet VPK=
Tissues: plasma, blood, muscles, marrow Systems: digestive, nervous, urinary Actions:
carminative, stomachic, stimulant, diuretic, antispasmodic Indications: indigestion, low agni, abdominal pain, cramps or gas, difficult or burning urination, children’s colic Precautions:
a good general herb and spice for all constitutions Preparation: infusion, powder (250 to 500 mg)
FENNEL SEEDS are one of the best herbs for digestion, strengthening Agni without aggravating Pitta, stopping cramping and dispelling flatulence. They can be taken roasted after meals, one teaspoon, by themselves or with rock salt.
They combine well with cumin and coriander as three cooling spices. Fennel seeds are excellent for digestive weakness in children or in the elderly They are calming to the nerves, their aroma acts upon the mind and promotes mental alertness. For urinary problems, they combine well with coriander. Fennel can be used for digestive weakness where hot spices and peppers might overheat or overstimulate.
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They work to stop the griping of purgatives and can also help promote menstruation and to promote milk flow for nursing mothers.
FENUGREEKTrigonella foenumgraeceum; Leguminosae
(S) Methi
(C) Hu lu ba Part Used: seeds Energetics: bitter, pungent, sweet/heating/pungent VK- P+
Tissues: plasma, blood, marrow and nerve, reproductive Systems: digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive Actions:
stimulant, tonic, expectorant, rejuvenative, aphrodisiac, diuretic Indications: dysentery, dyspepsia, chronic cough, allergies, bronchitis, influenza, convalescence, dropsy, toothache, neurasthenia, sciatica, arthritis Precautions: pregnancy (may cause abortion, promotes vaginal bleeding), high Pitta conditions Preparation: decoction, powder (250 mg to 1 g), paste, gruel FENUGREEK is a good herbal food for convalescence and debility, particularly that of the nervous, respiratory and
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reproductive systems. As a gruel it will increase milk flow and promote hair growth. The seed paste can be used externally for boils, ulcers and hard to heal sores. With valerian it is a good nerve tonic. It can be added to curries as a digestion-promoting spice.
Fenugreek sprouts are a medicinal vegetable for indigestion, hypo-function of the liver and seminal debility. As a tonic, one tablespoon of the powder can be taken daily, heated in one cup of milk.
FLAXSEEDLinum usitatissimum; Linaceae
(S) Uma Part Used: seed Energetics: sweet, astringent,/heating/pungent V- PK+
Tissues: plasma, blood, muscle, bone Systems: excretory, respiratory Actions:
laxative, demulcent, emollient, expectorant, nutritive tonic Indications: asthma, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, chronic constipation, diarrhea, convalescence Precautions:
may not be strong enough for severe constipation and may feed congestion in the colon
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Preparation: infusion, decoction, milk decoction, paste, powder (250 mg to 1 g)
FLAXSEEDS are a good tonic for Vata, for the colon and the lungs. They strengthen lung tissue and promote the healing of the lung membranes.
They are excellent for chronic, degenerative lung disorders. They contain natural protein and calcium. As an expectorant and emollient, they combine well with honey. As a lung tonic they work well with licorice.
They have similar properties to sesame seeds, particularly for strengthening the bones and the reproductive organs. As a laxative, they differ from psyllium in being lighter and hotter, better for Vata, generally speaking, but more likely to aggravate Pitta. Take a warm infusion, one teaspoon to two tablespoons per cup (depending upon strength needed) before sleep for constipation.
Externally, they make a good poultice for ulcerated and inflamed surfaces, as they help dilate local blood vessels and relax the tissue.
GARLICAllium sativum; Liliaceae
(S) Rashona, “lacking one taste” as it contains all of the six tastes except sour. (Pungent resides in its root, bitter in its leaf, astringent in its stem, saline at the top of the stem and sweet taste in the seed.)
(C) Da suan Part Used: rhizome Energetics: all but sour, mainly pungent/heating/pungent
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VK- P+
Tissues: works on all tissue-elements Systems:
digestive, respiratory nervous, reproductive, circulatory Actions:
stimulant, carminative, expectorant, alterative, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, disinfectant, anthelmintic, rejuvenative Indications:
colds, cough, asthma, heart disease, hypertension, cholesterol, arteriosclerosis, palpitation, skin diseases, parasitic infections, rheumatism, hemorrhoids, edema, impotence, hysteria Precautions: hyperacidity, toxic heat in the blood, high Pitta Preparation: infusion (do not boil), powder (100 to 500 mg), juice, medicated oil GARLIC is a powerful rejuvenative herb. It is a rasayana for Vata, and also, to a lesser degree, for Kapha, for the bone and nerve tissue. It also is a powerful detoxifier and is good for chronic or periodic {Vata) fevers. It cleanses Ama and Kapha from the blood and lymphatics. Yet its heating attribute can aggravate the blood and cause or aggravate bleeding.
Its quality is tamasic. Garlic can increase dullness of mind while, on the other hand, may increase “groundedness.” It increases semen but also has an irritant effect upon the reproductive organs. So while good as a medicine, garlic may not be a good common-usage herb for those practicing yoga.
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GENTIANGentiana syp.; Gentianaceae
(S) Kirata, Katuki, Trayamana (several bitter herbs are used almost as equivalents and so the nomenclature is not entirely specific)
(C) Long dan cao Part Used: root Energetics: bitter/cooling/pungent PK- V+
Tissues: plasma, blood, muscle, fat Systems: circulatory, digestive Actions: bitter tonic, antipyretic, alterative, antibacterial, anthelmintic, laxative Indications: fever, debility after fevers, jaundice, hepatitis, enlargement of liver and spleen, genital herpes, acne, rash, obesity, ulcers, venereal sores, diabetes, cancer Precautions: general debility, nervousness, muscle spasms, high Vata Preparation: decoction, powder (250 to 500 mg)
GENTIAN is a classic bitter herb of world-wide usage, a typical bitter tonic. Like most bitter herbs, it destroys Ama in fever and inflammation. It is a strong herb for sedating hyperactivity of the liver and spleen, and it heals genital area
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sores and infections. It is good for ulcers in the stomach and small intestine. It is one of the best anti-Pitta herbs.
For reducing fever it may be given with equal amounts of dry ginger or black pepper. For regulating liver-spleen function it combines well with aloe vera and may be taken along with aloe as an anupana.
However, where there is no fever or inflammation, or where there is no high Pitta or excess fat in the body, it is not to be used. Vata-type nervous digestion and hypoglycemia will not respond well to it.
It has value in such modern diseases as genital herpes and cancer, particularly diseases of a Pitta nature, or those rooted in the blood or liver.
GINGERZingiber officinale; Zingiberaceae
(S) Sunthi, Nagara (dry), Ardraka (fresh)
(C) Gan Jiang (dry), Shen Jiang (fresh)
Part Used: rhizome Energetics: pungent, sweet/heating/sweet VK- P+
Tissues: works on all tissue-elements Systems: digestive, respiratory
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Actions: stimulant, diaphoretic, expectorant, carminative, antiemetic, analgesic Indications: colds, flus, indigestion, vomiting, belching, abdominal pain, laryngitis, arthritis, hemorrhoids, headaches, heart disease Precautions:
inflammatory skin diseases, high fever, bleeding, ulcers Preparation: infusion, decoction, powder (250 to 500 mg), fresh juice GINGER is perhaps the best and most sattvic of the spices. It was called vishwabhesaj, “the universal medicine.” As such, it was prepared by adding fresh ginger juice to ginger powder, mixing it in a mortar and pestle, until it became a thick jam, whereupon it was rolled into pills. The proportion of juice to powder was upwards of 4 to 1. Two pills, about the size of a pea, were taken three times a day. With honey ginger relieves Kapha; with rock candy it relieves Pitta; with rock salt it relieves Vata.
Dry ginger is hotter and drier than fresh. It is a better stimulant and expectorant for reducing Kapha and increasing Agni. Fresh ginger is a better diaphoretic, better for colds, cough, vomiting and for deranged Vata.
The uses of ginger in digestive and respiratory diseases are well known. It is also good in arthritic conditions and it is tonic to the heart. It relieves gas and cramps in the abdomen, including menstrual cramps due to cold. Externally it makes a good paste for pain and headaches.
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GOLDEN SEALHydrastis canadensis; Ranunculaceae Part Used: rhizome Energetics: Bitter, astringent/cooling/pungent PK- V+
Tissues: plasma, blood Systems: digestive, circulatory, lymphatic Actions:
bitter tonic, antipyretic, alterative, antibiotic, antibacterial, antiseptic, laxative Indications: jaundice, hepatitis, diabetes, obesity ulcers, infectious fever, malaria, swollen glands and lymphatics, hemorrhoids, eczema, pyorrhea, menorrhagia, leucorrhea Precautions:
emaciation, neurasthenia, vertigo, chronic debility, (prolonged usage should be less than 3 gms. per day)
Preparation: decoction, powder (100 to 500 mg), paste
(externally)
GOLDEN SEAL is a good herbal antibiotic, antibacterial and antiseptic agent. It destroys yeast and bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract and clears the flora.
Its strong detoxifying action extends throughout the circulatory system as well. It sedates and regulates liver and spleen function, along with sugar and fat metabolism,
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reducing toxins and excess tissue from the body. It purifies the mucous membranes and is good for all catarrhal conditions.
However, it is not a panacea for all diseases. It has a negative impact on good intestinal flora and has many of the contraindications of antibiotic drugs (it is good to use in place of them). It is contraindi-cated in most deficiency conditions, most conditions where a nurturing therapy is appropriate.
For deep-seated fevers it can be combined with hot herbs like ginger or black pepper. As an astringent gargle or mouthwash it can be used with myrrh.
It is perhaps the strongest Anti-Pitta herb available in this country.
HAWTHORN BERRIESCrataegus oxycantha; Rosaceae
(C) Shan sha Part Used: fruit Energetics: sour/heating/sour V- P+ K+ (in excess)
Tissues: plasma, blood, muscles Systems: circulatory, digestive Actions: stimulant, carminative, vasodilator, antispasmodic, diuretic
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Indications:
heart weakness, arteriosclerosis, valvular insufficiency, hypertension, palpitations, blood clots, insomnia, food stagnation, abdominal tumors Precautions: ulcers, colitis Preparation: decoction, powder (250 mg to 1 g)
HAWTHORN
BERRIES
are a good example of the stimulatory power of sour herbs for both circulation and digestion.
They have a special action on the heart, strengthening the heart muscle and promoting longevity. They are particularly good for Vata heart conditions like nervous palpitation, or the heart problems of old age (the age of Vata)
like cholesterol and arteriosclerosis.
In promoting digestion they help remove accumulated food masses or even tumors in the gastrointestinal tract. Yet tihey can help increase weight in the body and may aggravate Kapha in excess. They will also aggravate most Pitta heart conditions and heat conditions in the body generally.
They can be prepared as a tincture or herbal wine–they have an affinity for alcohol. For strengthening the heart muscles, they can be used with other heart tonics like small amounts of cardamom and cinnamon. One-half ounce of hawthorn berries can be simmered in one pint of water for 20 minutes along with one teaspoon of cinnamon and taken three times a day after meals, sweetened with honey as a heart tonic.
HIBISCUS FLOWERSHibiscus rosa-sinensis; Malvaceae
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(S) ]apa, strengthens devotion in japa, repetition of the mantra Part Used: flowers Energetics: astringent, sweet/cooling/sweet PK- V+ (in excess)
Tissues:
blood, plasma, muscles, marrow and nerve, reproductive Systems: circulatory, female reproductive, nervous Actions: alterative, hemostatic, refrigerant, emmenagogue, demulcent, antispasmodic Indications: dysmennorhea, menorrhagia, painful urination, cystitis, cough, fever, venereal diseases, toxins in blood Precautions: severe chills, high Vata Preparation: infusion (cold or hot), powder (250 mg to 1 g)
HIBISCUS FLOWERS are good for first and second chakra disorders, such as problems of the kidneys and reproductive systems due to heat, congestion and contraction. They make a good summer beverage to reduce heat and fever; 11A ounce of the flowers let set in one pint cool water.
Hibiscus flowers are sacred to Gattesh, the elephant god, the god of wisdom who destroys all obstacles and grants the realization of all goals, who dwells in the first or root chakra.
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They help make mantras fruitful, give siddhis (occult powers)
and enhance attention in meditation. They are an important part of all pujas (devotional ceremonies) and have a similar energy to lotus flowers and rose flowers, the last of which they combine well with for most purposes.
Hibiscus flowers help purify the blood and the heart, physically and spiritually and they also improve skin complexion and promote hair growth. They are effective in menstrual difficulties, particularly excessive bleeding.
HORSETAILEquisetum spy.; Lquistiactai
(C) Mu zei Part Used: herb Energetics: bitter, sweet/cooling/pungent PK- V+
Tissues: plasma, blood, fat, bone Systems: urinary, respiratory Actions:
diuretic, lithotriptic, diaphoretic, alterative, hemostatic Indications: edema, nephritis, burning urethra, kidney stones, gall bladder stones, stomach ulcers, broken bones, menorrhagia, venereal diseases Precaution: high Vata, constipation, dry skin
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Preparation: infusion (hot or cold), powder (250 to 500 mg), paste HORSETAIL is an effective diuretic and blood cleanser. It is a good general herb for high Pitta conditions and has a strong stone-removing action for kidney, bladder and gall-stones.
Yet it is somewhat of an irritant and an abrasive in its action and should not be taken for long periods of time without proper supervision. Horsetail promotes the healing of broken bones and supplies nutrients to the bone tissue. It helps clear and brighten the eyes and removes toxicity from the blood. It is also good for infectious fevers and flus.
Horsetail has similar properties to burdock seeds and can be used externally as a paste or wash for inflamed surfaces. It clears Pitta and fiery emotions from the nerves and mind.
IRISH MOSSChondrus crisyus; Algae Part Used: herb Energetics: salty, sweet, astringent/heating (slightly)/sweet VP– K or Ama + (in excess)
Tissues: plasma, muscle, fat Systems: respiratory, urinary Actions: nutritive tonic, demulcent, expectorant, emollient
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Indications: cough, bronchitis, tuberculosis, enlarged glands
(thyroid, lymph, prostate), convalescence, debility, old age, dry or wrinkled skin Precautions: high Ama, congestion Preparation: infusion, decoction, milk decoction, powder
(250 mg to 1 g), paste IRISH MOSS and other forms of seaweed, like kelp or dulse, are good herbal foods for deficient conditions, convalescence, old age, high Vata and hormonal, particularly thyroid, insufficiency. They are restoratives and rejuvenatives to rasa, the basic plasma tissue-element of the body, increasing our basic fluids and enriching them with minerals. They soften and help remove dried out Kapha and Ama accumulations in the lungs. By soothing and nurturing the glands, they help reduce swelling. They are effective (internally and externally)
for soothing dried and inflamed surfaces or membranes.
One-half ounce of Irish moss may be simmered in one pint of water and taken in two parts daily for convalescence from severe lung diseases.
JUNIPER BERRIESJuniperus spy.; Coniferae
(S) Hapusha Part Used: berries Energetics: pungent, bitter, sweet/heating/pungent KV- P+
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Tissues: plasma, blood, muscle, fat, bone, marrow and nerves Systems: urinary, respiratory, nervous, digestive Actions:
diuretic, diaphoretic, stimulant, carminative, analgesic, disinfectant, bacteriocidal Indications: dropsy, edema, sciatica, lumbago, arthritis, rheumatism, swollen joints, diabetes, weak digestion, weak immune system, dysmenorrhea Precautions: acute nephritis, cystitis, pregnancy Preparation: infusion, powder (250 to 500 mg), paste JUNIPER BERRIES are one of the best diuretics for Vata constitution, as they also dispel excess Vata and improve digestion. They are also very good for Kapha but will aggravate Pitta, and so must be used with other diuretics with proper consideration. They are often given with demulcent diuretics, like marshmallow or gokshura, to balance out their irritant properties. As a paste they may be applied externally for arthritic pain and swelling. Their purifying action extends to the aura and the subde body, as they help destroy not only resistant bacteria but also negative astral influences.
LICORICEGlycyrrhiza glabra; Leguminosae
(S) ydshti Madhu, honey-stick
(C) Gan cao
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Part Used: root Energetics: sweet, bitter/cooling/sweet VP- K+ (if used long term)
Tissues: works on all tissue-elements Systems:
digestive, respiratory, nervous, reproductive, excretory Actions:
demulcent, expectorant, tonic, rejuvenative, laxative, sedative, emetic Indications: cough, colds, bronchitis, sore throat, laryngitis, ulcers, hyperacidity, painful urination, abdominal pain, general debility Precautions: high Kapha, edema; inhibits absorption of calcium and potassium, not for osteoporosis; hypertension
(increases water around the heart)
Preparation: decoction, milk decoction, powder (250 to 500
mg), medicated ghee LICORICE is an effective expectorant, helping to liquify mucus and facilitate its discharge from the body. In large doses it is a good emetic for cleansing the lungs and stomach of Kapha. It is a mild laxative which soothes and tones the mucous membranes, relieving muscle spasms and reducing inflammation. Its taste masks the disagreeable flavor of other herbs and helps harmonize their qualities, countering heat and dryness and reducing toxicity.
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For colds and respiratory affliction, it combines well with fresh ginger. With ginger and cardamom it is a tonic to the teeth. It is a restorative and rejuvenative food. Sattvic in quality it calms the mind and nurtures the spirit. It nourishes the brain and increases cranial and cerebrospinal fluid, promoting contentment and harmony It improves voice, vision, hair and complexion and gives strength.
MARSHMALLOWAlthea officinalis; Malvaceae Part Used: root Energetics: sweet/cooling/sweet VPK= (may increase Kapha or Ama in excess)
Tissues:
plasma, blood, muscle, marrow and nerve, reproductive Systems: respiratory, urinary, digestive, nervous Actions:
nutritive tonic, rejuvenative, demulcent, expectorant, emollient, diuretic, vulnerary, laxative Indications: cough, whooping cough, laryngitis, bronchitis, kidney and bladder inflammation, infection or bleeding, skin eruptions, mastitis, malnutrition, burns, rheumatism Precautions: malabsorption Preparation: decoction, milk decoction, powder (250 mg to
1 g), paste
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MARSHMALLOW contains large amounts of high quality mucilage and is perhaps the best nutritive tonic herb
(internally) and softening emollient (externally) in western herbalism. It is rejuvenative for Pitta, for the lungs and the kidneys and also tonifies Vata. It allays inflammation, soothes the skin and the mucous membranes and simultaneously cleanses and rebuilds the water element in the body. It promotes the healing of chronic sores and necrotic tissue.
Because it has a strong drawing property, it can be used externally as a poultice for inflammations and infections. As a rejuvenative it can be decocted in milk and a small amount of ginger. As a lung tonic, it combines well with licorice and elecampane root. It is a good soothing and harmonizing herb for any diuretic formula; for allaying cough it works well with thyme.
The wild mallows can be used in a similar fashion, though large roots are required for the strongest tonic action. For Indian relatives and herbs of similar usage see bala.
MINTMentha syp.; Labiatat
(S) Phudina
(C) Ba he Part Used: herb Energetics: pungent/cooling (slightly)/pungent PK- V+ (in excess)
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Tissues: plasma, blood, marrow and nerves Systems: respiratory, digestive, nervous, circulatory Actions:
stimulant, diaphoretic, carminative, nervine, analgesic Indications: colds, fever, sore throat, laryngitis, earache, digestive upset, nervous agitation, headache, dysmenorrhea Precautions: severe chills, neurasthenia Preparation: infusion (do not boil), powder (250 to 500 mg)
The three main mints, PEPPERMINT, SPEARMINT and HORSE-MINT (Mentha arvensis, which is more common in India and also a wild mint native to the western United States)
have a mild soothing action on the nerves and digestion, which helps relax the body and clear the mind and senses, hence their widespread popularity and usage. They are mild, cooling diaphoretics for common colds and flus and their complications. Peppermint is the most stimulating and the best one to improve digestion. Spearmint is more relaxing and better in diuretic action (i.e. for urinary inflammation).
Horsemint has stronger antispasmodic properties, as for difficult menstruation. Other mints like catnip have similar properties, but not all mints are cooling. Some, like thyme, are heating. But most are not excessively heating or cooling.
Mints contain large amounts of the element of ether, whose action is soothing, cooling, clarifying and expanding.
Through their ethereal nature they help relieve mental and emotional tension and congestion. Their nature is sattvic.
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Their action on the body is mild and not strong enough for acute or severe ailments. They are usually used with other herbs in an auxiliary role as harmonizing agents or as anuyanas.
MUGWORTArtetnesia vulgaris; Compositae
(S) Nagadamani
(C) Ai ye Part Used: herb Energetics: bitter, pungent/heating/pungent VK- P+ (in excess)
Tissues: skin, blood, muscles, marrow and nerve Systems: circulatory, female reproductive, nervous, digestive, respiratory Actions:
emmenagogue, antispasmodic, hemostatic, diaphoretic, anthelmintic, antiseptic Indications:
dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, infertility, preventive for miscarriage, sciatica, convulsions, hysteria, epilepsy, depression, mental exhaustion, insomnia, gout, rheumatism, fungal infections Precautions: high Pitta, uterine infection or inflammation Preparation: infusion (do not overboil), powder (250 to 500
mg)
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Various members of the Artemesia species are used medicinally throughout the world, including mugwort, wormwood, southernwood, and the sagebrush of the Great Basin region.
All possess similar properties as bitter aromatics. Of these, mugwort is the better emmenagogue;
wormwood is better for killing worms and strengthening digestion; and sagebrush appears to be a better diaphoretic.
They are particularly good for sama Vata conditions, such as arthritis or for nervous conditions owing to obstructed Vata.
MUGWORT warms the lower abdomen and fortifies the uterus. It regulates menstruation, relieves menstrual cramping and headaches, and strengthens the fetus. It opens and purifies the channels (the circulatory and nervous system), and relieves pain. It can be used with ginger and pennyroyal to promote menstruation blocked by nervous tension. Externally it can be used as a wash for fungal and other skin infections, or as a douch (infusion) for vaginal yeast infections.
MULLEINVcrbascum thapsus; Scrophulariaceae Part Used: herb, flowers Energetics: bitter, astringent, sweet/cooling/pungent PK- V+
Tissues: plasma, blood, marrow and nerve Systems: respiratory, nervous, circulatory, lymphatic Actions: expectorant, astringent, vulnerary, antispasmodic, analgesic, sedative
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Indications: bronchitis, asthma, hay fever, dyspnea, sinusitis, cough, lung hemorrhage, swollen glands, earache, mumps, nerve pain, insomnia, diarrhea, dysentery Precautions: high Vata Preparation: infusion (hot or cold–strain well), powder (250
to 500 mg), oil (flowers)
MULLEIN is a powerful herb for dispelling heat and congestion from the lungs and nasal passages. It dispels accumulated Kapha, cleansing the bronchii and the lymphatics. It is specific for mumps, earaches and glandular swellings. The flowers have stronger nervine and analgesic properties, with the flower oil being a powerful and anthnflammatory anodyne.
Mullein flowers relieve inflammation of the nerve tissue, and allay irritation.
An ounce of mullein leaves can be decocted in a pint of milk and taken before sleep, one cup, to relieve cough and promote sleep that has been disturbed by cough and congestion.
MYRRHCommiphora myrrha; Burseraceae
(S) Ma
(C) Mu yao Part Used: Resin Energetics:
bitter, astringent, pungent, sweet/heating/
pungent
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KV- P+ (in excess)
Tissues: works on all tissue-elements Systems:
circulatory, reproductive, nervous, lymphatic, respiratory Actions: alterative, emmenagogue, astringent, expectorant, antispasmodic, rejuvenative, analgesic, antiseptic Indications: amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menopause, cough, asthma, bronchitis, arthritis, rheumatism, traumatic injuries, ulcerated surfaces, anemia, pyorrhea Precautions: high Pitta Preparation: infusion, powder (250 mg to 1 g), pill, paste MYRRH is one of the most famous and ancient substances used for preventing decay, reversing the aging process and rejuvenating body and mind. It is closely related to the guggul of Ayurvedic medicine, an important Ayurvedic rasayana.
Myrrh similarly is a rejuvenative for Vata and Kapha, but it works more specifically on the blood and the female reproductive system; guggul possesses a stronger action on the nerves. Myrrh helps dispel old and stagnant blood from the uterus, and aids in new tissue growth. It catalyzes healing of sores and wounds, while stopping pain. It also helps dispel repressed emotions, as its purifying action extends to the subtle body.
Myrrh possesses true tonic, stimulant and rejuvenative powers along with strong detoxifying effects. As such, it is a more
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powerful and balanced herb than golden seal and other bitter detoxifiers, which weaken the body in long term usage. Yet it is not as effective as these in acute conditions.
Frankincense or Olibanum, Boswellia carterii, has very similar properties also, but has a slightly stronger action on the lungs and the nervous system.
As a general tonic for Vata or Kapha or for the female reproductive system, two ’0(y capsules of myrrh can be taken three times a day.
NUTMEGMyristica fragrans; Myristicaceae
(S) ]atifhala
(C) Rou dou kou Part Used: fruit (seed)
Energetics: pungent/heating/pungent VK- P+
Tissues: plasma, muscle, marrow and nerve, reproductive Systems: digestive, nervous, reproductive Actions:
astringent, carminative, sedative, nervine, aphrodisiac, stimulant Indications: poor absorption, abdominal pain and distension, diarrhea, dysentery, intestinal gas, insomnia, nervous disorders, impotence
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Precautions: pregnancy, high Pitta Preparation: infusion (do not boil), milk decoction, powder
(250 to 500 mg)
NUTMEG is one of the best spices for increasing absorption, particularly in the small intestine. It works well in this respect with such spices as cardamom and ginger. Taken in buttermilk, it improves assimilation and stops diarrhea. It helps reduce high Vata in the colon and in the nervous system. It is one of the best medicines for calming the mind.
For this it can be taken 500 mg. in warm milk before sleep, to promote sound sleep. However, it has a tamasic quality, somewhat like poppy seeds, and in excess can increase dullness of mind.
It is good for incontinence of urine or for premature ejaculation.
It also serves to relieve muscle-spasms, particularly of the abdomen.
PARSLEYPetroselinum spy.; Umbelliferac Part Used: herb, root, seeds Energetics: pungent, bitter (herb); sweet, bitter (root)/
heating (slightly)/pungent KV- P+ (in excess)
Tissues: plasma, blood, muscles Systems: urinary, digestive, female reproductive
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Actions:
diuretic, lithotriptic, emmenagogue, laxative, carminative, antispasmodic Indications: dropsy, edema, swollen glands, swollen breasts, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, gall stones, kidney stones, lumbago, sciatica Precautions: acute inflammation of kidneys or female reproductive system, high Pitta Preparation: infusion (herb and seeds), decoction (root), juice (herb), powder (250 to 500 mg)
PARSLEY is rich in minerals, vitamins and iron and so is a good herbal nutritional supplement. It is also a good, mildly warming diuretic which can be used in many conditions of chill and weakness where most other diuretics would be contraindicated. It is an effective emmenagogue that promotes menstruation, relieves premenstrual cramping and headaches, and dispels premenstrual water retention from the abdomen, the legs and the breast. It also helps dispel kidney and gall stones. Yet owing to its heating energy, it should be used with care when there is much inflammation or irritation of the kidneys. For such conditions it can be balanced out by combining it with marsh-mallow. It is good for high Kapha and obstructed Vata.
The fresh juice (2 teaspoons) may be taken daily to strengthen the kidneys and the uterus. Parsley is similar in action to, but milder than, juniper berries.
PENNYROYALMentha pukgium; Labiatae
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Part Used: herb Energetics: pungent/heating/pungent VK- P+ (in excess)
Tissues: plasma, blood, marrow and nerve Systems:
female reproductive, circulatory, nervous, respiratory Actions:
emmenagogue, stimulant, carminative, antispasmodic, anthelmintic, antivenomous Indications:
amenorrhea, menstrual cramping, hysteria, nervousness, headache, colds, fevers Precautions: pregnancy, uterine bleeding Preparation: infusion, powder (250 to 500 mg), medicated oil PENNYROYAL clears the channels of the nervous and female reproductive systems.
Thereby it promotes menstruation and relieves spasms, dispelling obstructive Vata.
It warms the uterus and relares the uterine muscles.
It works well on delayed menstruation due to cold, exposure or shock, for which conditions it combines well with such herbs as mugwort and ginger; for example, 1/4 ounce of pennyroyal along with one teaspoon of ginger powder can be steeped in one pint of water for 20 minutes and taken before
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meals to promote menstruation. Its quality is sattvic, it clears the mind and helps transmute female sexual energy.
Externally, the oil is a good insect repellant and has antivenomous properties.
POMEGRANATEPunka granatum; Lythraceae
(S) Dadima Part Used: fruit rind, rootbark, fruit Energetics: astringent, bitter (fruit rind and rootbark); sweet, sour (fruit)/cooling/sweet sweet variety is said to alleviate all three doshas, the sour variety may aggravate Pitta; the common pomegranate is the sweet variety and may increase Ama Tissues: plasma, blood, muscle, marrow and nerve Systems: digestive, circulatory Actions: astringent tonic, alterative, hemostatic, anthelmintic, refrigerant, stomachic Indications: worms (round, pin, particularly tape), sore throat, ulcers, colitis, diarrhea, dysentery, prolapse of rectum or vagina, Ieucorrhea, conjunctivitis, anemia, chronic bronchitis, tuberculosis Precautions: constipation
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Preparation: decoction, powder (250 to 500 mg), fresh juice, paste The POMEGRANATE tree is an excellent pharmacy in itself.
The rootbark is a strong anthelmintic, taken as a decoction with a little cloves, followed by a purgative every second or third day to dispel the worms (such treatment may continue for 10 days or more). The fruitrind is better for usage as an astringent and anti-inflammatory herb for the mucous membranes. The fresh juice has stronger tonic properties, particularly for the blood and for Pitta.
The fruit rind powder may be used as a douche for leucorrhea; the paste can be used externally for sores, ulcers, hemorrhoids. The juice is good for promoting digestion and all parts have stomachic properties, which can be augmented with small amounts of cinnamon and cloves.
POPPY SEEDSPalaver spy.; Papaveraceae
(S) Ahiphena, serpent’s poison, for its narcotic properties
(C) Ying su qiao Part Used: seeds (non-narcotic)
Energetics: pungent, astringent, sweet/heating/sweet VK- P+
Tissues: plasma, blood, muscle, bone, marrow and nerves Systems: nervous, digestive, respiratory, circulatory
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Actions: astringent, carminative, antispasmodic, sedative, analgesic Indications:
diarrhea, dysentery, children’s diarrhea, abdominal pain, poor absorption, cough, insomnia, nerve pain Precautions: gastritis, colitis, high Pitta Preparation: infusion, powder (250 mg to 1 g)
POPPY SEEDS are similar in properties to nutmeg and are often used in conjunction with it. They are a good astringent for the intestines, possessing carminative and stomachic properties, thus also increasing Agni while promoting absorption. They are effective for nervous digestive disorders of children or of high Vata types. They strengthen the villi of the small intestine. As a spice, they are antidotal to the gas-producing properties of legumes.
Their quality is tamasic. They induce sleep and, in long term usage, dull the mind and so may inhibit awareness, though they do help bring down high Vata psychological imbalances.
As a nervine they may be used with valerian.
One-quarter ounce of poppy seeds can be simmered in one pint of water along with one teaspoon each of nutmeg and ginger powder and taken three times a day immediately after meals for nervous digestion. A cup may also be taken before sleep to promote rest.
PRICKLY ASHXanthoxylum spy.; Rutaceae
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(S) Tumburu
(C) Hua jiao Part Used: seed, bark Energetics: pungent, bitter/heating/pungent VK- P+
Tissues: plasma, blood, muscles Systems: digestive, circulatory Actions:
stimulant, carminative, alterative, antiseptic, anthelmintic, analgesic Indications: weak digestion, cold abdominal pain, chronic chill, lumbago, chronic arthritis and rheumatism, skin diseases, worms, yeast infections Precautions: high Pitta, acute inflammatory conditions of the g.i. tract, pregnancy (may promote miscarriage)
Preparation: infusion, decoction, medicated oil, powder (250
to 500 mg), capsules PRICKLY
ASH
is a powerful toxin-destroying herb
(Ama-pachana). It destroys toxins in the g.i. tract, including worms, and is good for treating yeast infections, Candida, either in the g.i. tract or in the blood. It is particularly good for sama Vata and arthritic conditions. It has a warming, stimulating and purifying influence on the blood and
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increases peripheral circulation. It relieves abdominal pain, colic and cramps.
As an antirheumatic agent, it works well with juniper berries or eucalyptus. As a digestive agent, it works well with dry ginger. For yeast infections where there is inflammation, it can be combined with bitter herbs like golden seal. For obstinate sores and chronic skin conditions, it can be used with myrrh. It can be prepared as a medicated oil in sesame oil for an antiarthritic massage oil.
PSYLLIUMPkntago psyllium; Plantaginaccae
(S) Snigdhajira Part Used: seeds, seed husks Energetics: sweet, astringent/cooling/sweet PV- K and Ama+
Tissues: plasma, blood Systems: excretory, digestive Actions:
laxative, demulcent, emollient, astringent, expectorant Indications:
chronic constipation, chronic diarrhea and dysentery, colitis, catarrh, urethritis, cystitis, gastritis, ulcers Precautions: may create congestion and food stagnation in the g.i. tract
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Preparation: infusion, powder (500 mg to 2 g), paste PSYLLIUM SEEDS are perhaps the best lubricating, bulk laxative (take 1 teaspoon to 112 ounce of seeds, depending upon the severity of the condition, in water. Do not steep).
The seeds swell with mucilage in the colon, which absorbs bacteria and toxins, soothes inflamed mucous membranes and moistens dryness. Psyllium seeds, however, may cause griping. They may be replaced with psyllium husks, which are a superior medicinal, or balanced by an aromatic like ginger or fennel. The heavy property of psyllium tends to reduce Agni, and so for long term usage balancing it out with a digestive stimulant would be recommended anyway.
Psyllium can be taken in buttermilk in case of diarrhea, and in warm milk in case of constipation. The powder can be used externally as a poultice for skin irritation; for rheumatic pain for its soothing action.
RASPBERRYRubus spp.; Rosaccae Part Used: leaves Energetics: astringent, sweet/cooling/sweet PK- V+ (in excess)
Tissues: blood, plasma, muscles, reproductive Systems: circulatory, female reproductive, digestive Actions: astringent, alterative, tonic, hemostatic, antiemetic
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Indications: diarrhea, dysentery, intestinal flu, vomiting, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, uterine bleeding, prolapse of uterus or anus, hemorrhoids, inflamed mucous membranes, sores, wounds Precautions: American red raspberry has a good reputation for reducing miscarriage but other varieties are known to promote abortion; high Vata; chronic constipation Preparation: infusion (cold or hot), powder (250 mg to 1 g), paste RASPBERRY is an effective anti-Pitta herb with affinity to the colon and female reproductive organs, where it has a strongly astringent and mildly tonifying (nurturing) action. It raises prolapse, stops hemorrhage, gives tone to the muscles of the lower abdomen, soothes the mucous membranes and allays inflammation. It is a safe, mild astringent for sore throats, diarrhea (it is good for children), nausea, heartburn and ulcers.
As a uterine tonic it can be combined with stronger tonics like shatavari, in proportions of 1 to 3. For menstrual complaints it combines well with rose flowers and hibiscus flowers. As a good astringent douche for uterine inflammation, leucorrhea or prolapse, it can be combined with small amounts of myrrh.
RED CLOVERTrifolium pratense; Lcguminosac
(S) Vana-methika Part Used: flowers
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Energetics: bitter, sweet/cooling/pungent PK- V+
Tissues: plasma, blood Systems: circulatory, respiratory, lymphatic Properties: alterative, diuretic, expectorant, antispasmodic Indications: cough, bronchitis, skin eruptions, infections, cancer Precautions: few, perhaps high Vata; tissue deficiency Preparation: infusion (hot or cold), decoction, powder (250
mg to 1 g)
RED CLOVER is a mild blood purifier which is suitable for general consumption and long term usage. Its taste is pleasant and it is mildly strengthening. It can be used with children, the elderly or in conditions of debility, where blood purification is needed but where the patient is weak and stronger herbal alteratives may weaken the blood. Its effectiveness in cancer is mainly in large amounts or with other antitumor agents.
Externally, it is a good wash for dry and scaly skin, and as a paste or poultice for sores that do not heal, it is particularly good.
For more acute and infectious conditions other alteratives, like echinacea or barberry are stronger.
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RHUBARBRheum spy.; Polygonaceae
(S) Amla-vetasa
(C) Da huang Part Used: root Energetics: bitter/cooling/pungent PK- V+
Tissues: plasma, blood, fat Systems: excretory digestive Actions:
purgative, alterative, hemostatic, antipyretic, anthelmintic Indications: constipation (particularly that accompanying fevers, ulcers or infections), diarrhea and dysentery
(Pitta-type), jaundice, liver problems, skin inflammations Precautions: pregnancy, chronic diarrhea, chills, use with caution on hemorrhoids (not good for Vata-type)
Preparation: infusion, powder (1 gm as laxative, 3 gms as purgative)
RHUBARB is one of the best purgative herbs. It is stronger than flaxseeds or triphala but milder than senna. It has an astringent aftereffect that protects the tone of the colon. It is good for all manner of constipation and for febrile or damp-heat diarrhea. On weaker or older patients, where there
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is much dryness in the colon, it can be combined with licorice and sweet, bulk laxatives, like psyllium or flaxseeds. As it tends to cause griping, it should be used with a carminative herb like ginger or fennel seeds in a ratio of about 4 parts rhubarb to 1 part ginger, for example.
Rhubarb purges the body of Pitta, bile, Ama, stagnant food and stagnant blood. It helps reduce weight and remove fat. It is mildly nauseating and so is easier taken in capsules.
Rhubarb is a safe and effective remedy for children because it seldom causes irritation in the right dosage. Its action is made stronger by combining it with epsom salts.
ROSE FLOWERSRosa spy.; Rosaceae
(S) Shatapatri
(C) Yeu ji hua Part Used: flowers Energetics: bitter, pungent, astringent, sweet/cooling/sweet VPK= (may increase Kapha or Ama in excess)
Tissues: plasma, blood, marrow and nerve, reproductive Systems: circulatory, female reproductive, nervous Actions:
alterative, emmenagogue, refrigerant, nervine, carminative, laxative, astringent
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Indications: amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, uterine hemorrhage, inflamed eyes, dizziness, headaches, sore throat, enlarged tonsils Precautions: high Kapha Preparation: infusion (hot or cold), powder (250 mg to 1 g), rose water ROSE FLOWERS are particularly good for reducing Pitta.
They relieve heat, congestion of the blood and soothe inflamed surfaces. Fresh rose petals can be macerated in honey or raw sugar and used for sore throat or mouth sores; or they may be taken with warm milk as a mild laxative for Pitta individuals.
Rose water can be prepared by boiling fresh petals and condensing the steam into another vessel. It opens the mind and heart and is cooling and refreshing to the eyes. Rose is a well known flower of love and devotion of Bhakti and of Puja, of devotional worship. The lotus of the heart is a rose.
As a tonic, rose flowers combine well with shatavari. For regulating menstruation, they combine well with safflower or hibiscus.
SAFFRONCrocus sativus; Iridaceae
(S) Nagakeshara Part Used: flower (stigma)
Energetics: pungent, bitter, sweet/cooling/sweet
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VPK=
Tissues: works on all tissue-elements but particularly the blood Systems: circulatory digestive, female reproductive, nervous Actions: alterative, emmenagogue, aphrodisiac, rejuvenative, stimulant, carminative, antispasmodic Indications: menstrual pain and irregularity, menopause, impotence, infertility, anemia, enlarged liver, hysteria, depression, neuralgia, lumbago, rheumatism, cough, asthma, chronic diarrhea Precautions: pregnancy (can promote miscarriage), in large doses is narcotic Preparation: infusion, milk decoction, powder (100 to 250
mg); use in low dosages, a pinchful with other herbs, medicated oil, medicated ghee SAFFRON is a very potent but expensive revitalizer of the blood, circulation and female reproductive system, as well as of the metabolism generally It is one of the best anti-Pitta herbs and spleen-liver regulators. It is considered to be the best stimulant and aphrodisiac, vajikarana, primarily for women. Though not actually a tonic itself, even in small amounts it catalyzes the tonic action of other herbs and promotes tissue growth in the reproductive organs and in the entire body. It can be added to milk or to other tonic herbs, like shatavari or angelica, to facilitate their function or used as a spice to promote assimilation of food into deeper tissues.
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Its quality is sattvic and gives energy to love, devotion and compassion, to Bhakti Yoga.
SAFFLOWER, sometimes misleadingly called saffron, can be used as a substitute for saffron and is much less expensive. It should be used in normal dosages.
SAGESalvia officinalis; Labiatae Part Used: herb Energetics:
pungent, bitter, astringent/heating
(slightly)/
pungent KV- P+ (in excess)
Tissues: plasma, blood, nerve Systems: respiratory, digestive, nervous, circulatory Actions:
diaphoretic, expectorant, nervine, astringent, alterative, diuretic, carminative, antispasmodic Indications: colds, ffus, sore throat, laryngitis, swollen lymph glands,night sweats, spermatorrhea, hair loss, nervous dysfunction Precautions: high Vata (excessive dryness), nursing mothers Preparations: infusion (hot or cold), powder (250 to 500 mg)
SAGE has a strong action for reducing excess secretions in the body. It stops sweating, is a specific for night sweats. It dries up excess mucus from the nose and lungs, as well as
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excessive salivation. It suppresses mammary secretions and withholds seminal discharge. It also dries up sores and ulcers and stops bleeding. As such it is mainly for reducing high Kapha. Taken hot, it is diaphoretic and expectorant and is good for Kapha and Vata. Taken cold, it is astringent and diuretic and is better for Pitta.
For the brain and nervous system and promoting the growth of hair, it combines well with gotu kola or bhringaraj. Sage has a special power to clear emotional obstructions from the mind and promote calmness and clarity. It helps reduce excessive desires and passions. It is specific for calming the heart.
It makes a good gargle for sore throat and a good wash for bleeding sore.
SANDALWOODsamalum album; samalaceae
(S) Chandana Part Used: wood and volatile oil Energetics: bitter, sweet, astringent/cooling/sweet PV- K or Ama+ (in excess)
Tissues:
plasma, blood, muscle, marrow and nerve, reproductive Systems: circulatory, nervous, digestive
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Actions:
alterative, hemostatic, antiseptic, antibacterial, carminative, sedative, refrigerant Indications: eye diseases, cystitis, urethritis, vaginitis, acute dermatitis, herpes zoster, bronchitis, palpitations, gonorrhea, sunstroke Precautions: high Kapha, severe lung congestion Preparation: infusion (hot or cold), decoction, powder (250
mg to 1 g), medicated oil SANDALWOOD cools and calms the entire body and mind, with its influence spreading throughout the circulatory, digestive, respiratory and nervous systems. It relieves fever, thirst, burning sensation and stops sweating. A few drops of sandalwood oil applied to the third eye will relieve heat and thirst, and is good for fever or overexposure to the sun.
Sandalwood helps the awakening of intelligence. Its prabhava is to help open the third eye, to increase devotion and promote meditation. It also aids in the transmutation of sexual energy.
Sandalwood, a good addition to other formulas, reduces fever;
it is good for almost any inflammatory conditions and for cleansing the blood. Externally, the oil or paste can be used for most infectious sores or ulcers. In short, sandalwood is a very good anti-Piiw medicine.
A strong sandalwood oil can be made by steeping four ounces of sandalwood powder in one pint of cold water overnight, adding to one pint coconut oil and cooking over a low flame
(not boiling), until all the water evaporates.
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SARSAPARILLASmilax spy.; Liliaceae
(S) Dwipautra
(C) Tu fu ling Part Used: rhizome Energetics: bitter, sweet/cooling (slightly)/sweet PV–; does not increase K
Tissues: plasma, blood, marrow and nerve, reproductive Systems: circulatory, urinary, reproductive, nervous Actions:
alterative, diuretic, diaphoretic, antispasmodic, antisyphilitic, antirheumatic Indications: venereal diseases, herpes, skin diseases, arthritis, rheumatism, gout, epilepsy, insanity, chronic nervous diseases, abdominal distention, intestinal gas, debility, impotence, turbid urine Preparation: decoction, powder (250 mg to 1 g), paste, milk decoction SARSAPARILLA purifies the urino-genital tract, dispelling all infection and inflammation. While purifying the blood, it also improves Agni and helps dispel accumulated Vata from the intestines. Its purifying action extends to the nervous system and it helps cleanse the mind of negative emotions;
therefore, it is useful in many nervous disorders.
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Sarsaparilla’s diaphoretic and blood-cleansing action is useful for rheumatic inflammation.
For herpes and venereal complaints, it can be combined with gentian.
It stimulates the production of reproductive hormones and has tonic action on the sexual organs. As a blood-purifier it works well with burdock root. Externally, it can be used as a wash for genital sores or herpes, or as a hot fomentation for painful, arthritic joints.
SENNACassia acutifolia; Ltguminosat
(S) Rajavriksha (king of the trees)
(C) Fan xia ye Part Used: leaves, pods (milder)
Energetics: bitter/cooling/pungent PK- V+
Tissues: plasma, blood, fat Systems: excretory, digestive, circulatory Actions: purgative, anthelmintic, antipyretic, alterative Indications: constipation, inflammatory skin conditions, hypertension, obesity Precautions: hemorrhoids, inflammatory conditions of the g.i. tract, diarrhea, pregnancy
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Preparation: infusion (hot or cold), powder (1 to 2 gms) as purgative SENNA is a strong purgative that should be taken with care and in proper dosage. It has an irritant effect upon the intestinal membrane, and may cause griping, pain or nausea, along with liquid stools or diarrhea. It can be corrected by adding 1/4 amount of stomachic herbs, like ginger or fennel seeds, with its dosage.
Senna is mainly for severe constipation, the constipation following a fever, or for clearing Pitta from the small intestines (as in virechana, purgative therapy). However, it cannot be used where there is inflammation in the g.i. tract itself; not because it is heating, but because it is irritating.
Except in conditions where rhubarb is not available or does not work, rhubarb is generally preferable to it and has fewer side effects.
Repeated use of strong purgatives, even of an herbal nature, may aggravate constipation and weaken the tone of the colon.
Chronic constipation may be dealt with better by a moistening therapy and by laxative oils.
SESAME SEEDSScsamum indicum; Pedahaccae
(S) Tila
(C) Hei chih ma Part Used: seeds Energetics: sweet/heating/sweet
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V– PK or Ama+ (in excess)
Tissues: works on all tissue-elements, particularly bone Systems:
respiratory, digestive, excretory, female reproductive Actions: nutritive tonic, rejuvenative, demulcent, emollient, laxative Indications:
chronic cough, weak lungs, chronic constipation, hemorrhoids, dysentery, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, receding gums, tooth decay, hair loss, weak bones, osteoporosis, emaciation, convalescence Precautions: obesity, high Pitta Preparation: decoction, powder (500 mg to 2 gms), paste, medicated oil SESAME
SEEDS
are a rejuvenative tonic for Vata constitution and for the bones and teeth. The black seeds are best, as they contain higher amounts of solar energy. A
confection of the seeds can be made with one part sesame seeds, one-half part shatavari (if available), with ginger and raw sugar added to taste. One ounce of this mixture may be taken daily.
Sesame oil can be used in the same way as the seeds. It is similar in properties to olive oil. With equal parts of lime water, it can be applied externally for burns, boils and ulcers.
Prepared with small amounts of camphor, cardamom and cinnamon, it can be applied to the head for migraines or
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vertigo. The powdered seeds can also be used externally as a paste.
Sesame seeds are sattvic and produce sattvic tissues in the body, and so are a good food for yogis, one ounce per day.
SKULLCAPScutellaria spy.; Labiatae Part Used: herb Energetics: bitter/cooling/pungent PK- V+ (in excess)
Tissues: plasma, muscle, marrow and nerve Systems: nervous, circulatory Actions: nervine, antispasmodic, sedative, alterative Indications:
insomnia, convulsions, tremors, muscular spasms, neuralgia, epilepsy, neurosis, nervous headaches, hypertension, urinary and seminal incontinence, headaches, arthritis Precautions:
high Vata, deficient Vata, severe nerve deficiency Preparation: infusion (hot or cold), powder (250 mg to 1 g)
SKULLCAP is a good calming herb that has special properties for lowering high Pitta, and for helping reduce the fiery emotions of anger, jealousy and hatred. It calms the heart and dispels excessive desire. It has a sattvic quality and
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promotes awareness, clarity and detachment.
It allays excitability and restores control over deranged sensory and motor functions.
For improving awareness and promoting perception, it can be combined with gotu kola (1 teaspoon each per cup of hot water).
As a nerve tonic it can be combined with ashwagandha in proportions of 1 to 4. Skullcap can be combined with bitter herbs like gentian for reducing Pitta.
SLIPPERY ELMUlmus fulva; Urticaceae Part Used: inner bark Energetics: sweet/cooling/sweet VP- K and Ama+
Tissues: mainly plasma Systems: respiratory digestive Actions: nutritive tonic, demulcent, expectorant, emollient, mild astringent Indications: debility, convalescence, ulcers, hyperacidity, skin eruptions, burns, lung hemorrhage, weakness of lungs Precautions: severe lung congestion, edema, high Kapha, high Ama Preparation: decoction, powder (500 mg to 2 gms), powder, gruel, paste, milk decoction
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SLIPPERY ELM is a highly nutritive, tonic herbal food for conditions of tissue deficiency It helps rebuild the plasma element of the body, and helps restore the mucous membranes, particularly of the lungs and stomach. As such, it is good for recovery from chronic lung ailments, for desiccated lung tissue, dryness in the lungs, and for soothing and healing ulcerated membranes and surfaces.
Slippery elm is heavy, it may be hard to digest, and may promote congestion. As such, it is often wise to combine it with small amounts of spices such as cinnamon, cloves or ginger, or to sweeten it with honey. As a tonic, it can be decocted in milk, or with comfrey root and small amounts of licorice. For ulceration and hyperacidity, it can be used with small amounts of bitter stomachics, like gentian. Externally, the paste can be used to soothe burns, relieve inflammation and heal damaged tissue.
SOLOMON’S SEALPolygonatum spy.; Liliaceae
(S) Meda, Mahmeda
(C) Yu zhu Part Used: rhizome Energetics: sweet/cooling/sweet VPK= K or Ama+ (in excess)
Tissues: works on all tissue-elements, particularly blood, bone and reproductive
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Systems: reproductive, respiratory, digestive Actions: nutritive tonic, rejuvenative, aphrodisiac, demulcent, expectorant, hemostatic Indications: debility infertility, impotence, chronic bleeding disorders, diabetes, consumption, dry cough, dehydration, malnutrition, burning sensation, broken bones, inflamed mucous membranes Precautions: severe congestion, high Ama Preparation: decoction, milk decoction, powder (250 mg to
1 g), paste Several different varieties of the Polygonatum species are used medicinally throughout the world, mainly for their demulcent and nutritive properties. There are European and American varieties as well as Indian and Chinese. All possess fairly similar powers. They are part of the many tonic and rejuvenative herbs of the lily family, including the onions and the lily itself. There is a special group of eight plant roots, ashtavarga, most in the lily family, famous in Ayurvedic medicine for promoting fertility, enhancing spermatogenesis, increasing lactation, and healing chronic wasting diseases like tuberculosis and weakness of the blood.
SOLOMON’S SEAL possesses demulcent and nutritive properties like slippery elm or comfrey root and can be used similarly. As a rejuvenative and aphrodisiac, it is superior.
Taken internally, it helps heal broken bones. It is tonic to Pitta and Vata and to shukra dhatu (semen and reproductive tissue).
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As a nutritive tonic, three grams of the powder may be taken twice a day mixed with warm milk and a teaspoon of ghee
(clarified butter).
TURMERICCurcuma longa; Zingiberaceae
(S) Handra
(C) Jiang huang Part Used: rhizome Energetics: bitter, astringent, pungent/heating/pungent K- PV+ (in excess)
Tissues: works on all tissue-elements in the body Systems: digestive, circulatory, respiratory Actions:
stimulant, carminative, alterative, vulnerary, antibacterial Indications:
indigestion, poor circulation, cough, amenorrhea, pharyngitis, skin disorders, diabetes, arthritis, anemia, wounds, bruises Precautions:
acute jaundice and hepatitis, high Pitta, pregnancy Preparation: infusion, decoction, milk decoction, powder
(250 mg to lg)
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TURMERIC is an excellent natural antibiotic, while at the same time it strengthens digestion and helps improve intestinal flora. As such it is a good antibacterial for those chronically weak or ill. It not only purifies the blood, but also warms it and stimulates formation of new blood tissue.
Turmeric gives the energy of the Divine Mother and grants prosperity It is effective for cleansing the chakras
{nadi-shodhana), purifying the channels of the subtle body. It helps stretch the ligaments and is, therefore, good for the practice of hatha yoga.
Turmeric promotes proper metabolism in the body, correcting both excesses and deficiencies. It aids in the digestion of protein.
Externally, it can be used with honey for sprains, strains, bruise or itch. It is tonic to the skin, for which purposes it can be taken internally as a milk decoction.
VALERIANValeriana spy.; Vakrianaceae
(S) Tagara Part Used: rhizome Energetics: bitter, pungent, sweet, astringent/heating/pungent VK- P+ (in excess)
Tissues: plasma, muscle, marrow and nerve Systems: nervous, digestive, respiratory
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Actions: nervine, antispasmodic, sedative, carminative Indications:
insomnia, hysteria, delirium, neuralgia, convulsions, epilepsy, vertigo, nervous cough, dysmenorrhea, palpitations, migraine, chronic skin diseases, flatulence, colic Precautions:
large dosages produce paralysis
(overly constricts Vata)
Preparation: decoction (low simmer), powder (250 mg to 1
g)
VALERIAN is one of the best herbs for Vatagenic nervous disorders. It cleanses Ama from the colon, the blood, the joints and nerves. It clears the nerve channels of accumulated Vata. At the same time, owing to the large amounts of the earth element contained within it, it is grounding, and helps dispel vertigo, fainting and hysteria. Valerian calms muscle spasms and alleviates menstrual cramps. It is very effective for stopping fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract and has a special calming action on the female reproductive system.
However, its quality is tamasic and excessive use can dull the mind.
It combines well witfi calamus, which balances out its heavy property. For sleep take one to two teaspoons of the powder in warm water.
WILD CHERRY BARKPrunus syp.; Rosaceae
(S) Padmaka Part Used: inner bark
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Energetics: bitter, astringent/cooling/sweet PK- V+ (in excess)
Tissues: plasma, blood, muscle, marrow and nerve Systems: respiratory, nervous, circulatory, digestive Actions: expectorant, antispasmodic, alterative, astringent Indications: cough, whooping cough, bronchial spasms, palpitations, skin problems, eye inflammation Precautions: few, high Vata Preparation: decoction, powder (250 to 500 mg), cough syrup Various forms of wild cherry, apricot seeds and bitter almonds are effective expectorants and anticough agents, largely owing to the presence of hydrocyanic acid, which in large amounts is toxic. They cleanse and decongest the lungs and lymphatics. Those which are cooling, like wild cherry bark, extend this cleansing action to the blood. Apricot seeds and bitter almonds, however, owing to their oily properties as seeds, are heating in energy, as well as demulcent, emollient and laxative. They relieve a cough due to colds, but are only moderately effective on chronic coughs. It is this cleansing and expectorant action which causes apricot seeds to be used in anti-cancer therapy.
YARROWAchillea millefolium; Compositae
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(S) Gandana
(C) I chi kao Part Used: leaves and flower-head Energetics: bitter, astringent, pungent/cooling/pungent PK- V+ (in excess)
Tissues: plasma, blood, muscle Systems: circulatory, respiratory, digestive Actions:
diaphoretic, astringent, hemostatic, vulnerary, antispasmodic Indications:
colds, fever, gastritis, enteritis, measles, menorrhagia, nosebleed, stomach ulcers, abcesses, hemoptysis Precautions: high Vata Preparation: infusion (hot or cold), powder (250 to 500 mg), paste YARROW is a good cooling diaphoretic and febrifuge, which possesses astringent and antispasmodic properties. It is good for colds, flus and infectious diseases, particularly those in which fever and inflammation are high. It stops bleeding, both internally and externally. Yarrow reduces excessive menstrual bleeding and helps stop menstrual cramps. As such it is a good general herb for Pitta conditions, though its action
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is mild and mainly treats superficial conditions. Yarrow reduces excess Pitta, bile and inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby helps strengthen the mucous membranes. It has some calmative, nervine action and promotes clarity and perception.
Yarrow combines well with peppermint as a diaphoretic; with sage as an astringent and nervine; with chamomile (a relative of yarrow), as a stomachic.
Externally, the juice or decoction can be used as a wash for wounds and sores–mainly for stopping bleeding and reducing inflammation.
YELLOW DOCKRumex crisjms; Polygonaceae
(S) Amla vetasa Part Used: root Energetics: bitter, astringent/cooling/pungent PK- V+
Tissues: plasma, blood Systems: circulatory, urinary, lymphatic Actions: alterative, astringent, laxative, antipyretic Indications: toxic conditions of the blood, skin eruptions, swollen glands, glandular tumors, venereal diseases, hemorrhoids, stomach acidity
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Precautions: emaciation, high Vata Preparation: decoction, powder (250 to 500 mg)
YELLOW DOCK is a good general cleanser of blood and lymph, rasa and rakta dhatus; it is good for most toxic conditions of the circulatory system. A major herb for reducing high Pitta, it relieves toxic heat and clears infections, thereby reducing pain and inflammation.
It contains large amounts of iron and can help build the blood, but it is mainly for a Pitta-kind of anemia (where bile thins the blood). In a Vata-kind of anemia, with chill and dryness in the blood, it will only cause further weakness. Yellow dock also has value in clearing and promoting cerebral circulation.
It is related to rhubarb root (also called amla vetasa in Sanskrit), which shares its properties, but is a stronger purgative. Together, and with other herbs, they can be used effectively for therapeutic purgation {virechana)–ior cutting off accumulated Pitta at the root.
B. SPECIAL ORIENTAL HERBS
AJWAN, Wild Celery SeedsApium graveokns; Umbellifcrae
(S) Ajamoda Part Used: seeds Energetics: pungent/heating/pungent KV- P+
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Tissues: plasma, marrow and nerve Systems: digestive, respiratory, nervous Actions: stimulant, diaphoretic, expectorant, carminative, antispasmodic, diuretic, lithotriptic Indications: colds, flus, laryngitis, bronchitis, asthma, cough, colic, indigestion, edema, arthritis Precautions: hyperacidity high Pitta Preparation: infusion, powder (250 to 500 mg)
AJWAN or wild celery seed is a strong digestive, respiratory and nerve stimulant. For those suffering from high Vata, poor appetite, intestinal gas and sinus congestion, it may be taken as a powder, one to three grams three times a day before meals. It also promotes kidney function and energizes the nerves. Its uses are similar to wild carrot seeds in western herbalism. Ajwan is a powerful decongestant for both the respiratory and digestive tracts. It clears out deep-seated Ama and revives obstructed and stagnant metabolic functioning. It relieves intestinal spasms and vitalizes Prana, satnana (the Vata governing digestion) and udana (the Vata governing speech, effort and enthusiasm). As such it helps improve aspiration and catalyze the ascending energies of the psyche.
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AMLA
or AMALAKI, Emblic Myrobalan Emblica officinalis;
Euphorbiaceae
(S) Amalaki or Dhatri, the nurse, as it is like a nurse or mother in its healing properties Part Used: fruit Energetics: all tastes but salty, predominately sour/cooling/
sweet PV- K and Ama+ (in excess)
Tissues: works on all tissue-elements and increases Ojas Systems: circulatory, digestive, excretory Actions: nutritive tonic, rejuvenative, aphrodisiac, laxative, refrigerant, stomachic, astringent, hemostatic Indications:
bleeding disorders, hemorrhoids, anemia, diabetes, gout, vertigo, gastritis, colitis, hepatitis, osteoporosis, constipation, biliousness, weakness of liver or spleen, premature greying or hair loss, convalescence from fever, general debility and tissue-deficiency, mental disorder, palpitation Precautions: acute diarrhea, dysentery Preparation: decoction, powder (250 mg to 1 g), confection
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AMALAKJ is one of the strongest rejuvenatives in Ayurvedic medicine. It is particularly effective as a rasayana for Pitta;
for the blood, bones, the liver and the heart. It rebuilds and maintains new tissues and increases red blood cell count.
Amalaki cleanses the mouth, strengthens the teeth, nourishes the bones, and causes hair and nails to grow. It improves the eyesight, stops bleeding of gums, and relieves inflammation of the stomach and colon. It is the highest natural source of vitamin C, with 3000 mg per fruit. It improves appetite, cleanses the intestines and regulates blood-sugar.
It is the basis for CHyAVAN PRASH, an herbal confection or jelly, that is the main general all-around tonic and restorative in Ayurvedic medicine. It is sattvic in quality and gives good fortune, love and longevity–it is itself a long-living tree. Five
250
grams of the powder, mixed in one cup of warm water, can be taken twice a day as a general tonic. It is used as a paste to the head for mental disorders.
ANGELICAAngelica spp.; Umbelliferae
(S) Choraka
(C) Dang gui (commonly called “Tang Kuei” or “Dong Quai”)
Part Used: Root Energetics: pungent, sweet/heating/sweet VPK= P+ (in excess)
Tissues:
plasma, blood, muscle, marrow and nerve, reproductive Systems:
circulatory, female reproductive, respiratory, digestive Actions: tonic, emmenagogue, rejuvenative, diaphoretic, antispasmodic, analgesic Indications: amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menstrual cramps, P.M.S., anemia, headaches, colds, flus, arthritis, rheumatic pain Precautions: hypertension, high Pitta conditions generally use with care during pregnancy
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Preparation: decoction, milk decoction, powder (250 mg to lg), paste A number of angelicas are used medicinally throughout the world. All possess diaphoretic and antirheumatic properties.
Some also have tonic action on the blood and female reproductive system. The Chinese variety, tang kwei, and the Indian Angelica glauca, have strong tonic properties, which the European angelica possesses only to a lesser degree.
ANGELICA is one of the best tonics for women, nurturing the uterine organs and promoting their regular function. It is perhaps the best herb for regulating the menstrual cycle. As a tonic it works best with shatavari.
For promoting menstruation it works well with safflower or saffron.
Both its tonic and antiarthritic actions are enhanced by small amounts of myrrh. Angelica promotes circulation and can be used externally for wounds, ulcers, itching and to nourish and beautify the skin. It is a good rejuvenative for women and works particularly well on Vata individuals.
One ounce of the root can be simmered in three cups of water for thirty minutes along with a little fresh ginger. It can be taken one day a week as a uterine tonic.
ASAFOETIDAFerula asafoetida; Umbelliferae
(S)Hingu
(C) A wei Part Used: resin (exudate from the root)
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Energetics: pungent/heating/pungent VK- P+
Tissues: plasma, blood, muscle, bone, marrow and nerves Systems:
digestive, nervous, respiratory, excretory, circulatory Actions: stimulant, carminative, antispasmodic, analgesic, anthelmintic, aphrodisiac, antiseptic Indications: indigestion, flatulence, abdominal distention, intestinal colic pain, constipation, arthritis, rheumatism, whooping cough, convulsions, epilepsy, hysteria, palpitation, asthma, paralysis, worms Precautions:
high fever, hyperacidity, rash, urticaria, pregnancy Preparation: mainly powder (low dosage, 100 to 250 mg), paste ASAFOETIDA is a powerful digestive agent, which removes food stagnation from the g.i. tract. It is effective in breaking up impacted fecal matter, accumulations from excessive eating of meat or junk food, and for destroying worms, particularly round worms and thread worms. Asafoetida cleanses the intestinal flora while strengthening Agni. It also dispels intestinal gas, relieves cramping and pain and subdues high Vata. It is similar in properties to garlic but stronger and more malodorous. You may have to put it in an air-tight jar or it will impart its sulphurous odor to the entire kitchen.
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Externally, asafoetida can be applied as a paste for abdominal pain, arthritic pain, painful joints. As a spice, particularly for lentils and beans, it makes food lighter and decreases gas.
Like garlic, its quality is tamasic. It has a grounding but dulling effect upon the mind. It is used with such spices as ginger, cardamom and rock salt as a digestive agent. For dual action of stimulating Agni and moving Vata {samana vayu), there is probably nothing as effective. Like black pepper or cayenne, it should be found in every kitchen.
ASHWAGANDHA, Winter Cherry Withania somnifera;
Solanaccae
(S) Ashwagandha, that which has the smell of a horse, as it gives the vitality and sexual energy of a horse Part Used: root Energetics: bitter, astringent, sweet/heating/sweet VK– P and Ama + (in excess)
Tissues: muscle, fat, bone, marrow and nerve, reproductive Systems: reproductive, nervous, respiratory Actions: tonic, rejuvenative, aphrodisiac, nervine, sedative, astringent Indications:
general debility, sexual debility, nerve exhaustion, con-valesence, problems of old age, emaciation of
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children, loss of memory, loss of muscular energy, spermatorrhea, overwork, tissue deficiency, insomnia, paralysis, multiple sclerosis, weak eyes, rheumatism, skin afflictions, cough, difficult breathing, anemia, fatigue, infertility, glandular swelling Precautions: high Ama, severe congestion Preparation: decoction, milk decoction, powder (250 mg to
1 g), paste, medicated ghee., medicated oil ASHWAGANDHA
holds a place in the Ayurvedic pharmacology similar to ginseng in Chinese medicine, yet it is far less expensive. It is the best rejuvenative herb, particularly for the muscles, marrow and semen and for Vata constitution. It is used in all conditions of weakness and tissue deficiency in children, the elderly those debilitated by chronic diseases, those suffering from overwork, lack of sleep or nervous exhaustion.
For such regenerative purposes, it can be taken as a milk decoction to which may be added raw sugar, honey, pipyaH
and basmati rice. As such, it inhibits aging and catalyzes the anabolic processes of the body. Sattvic in quality, it is one of the best herbs for the mind upon which it is nurturing and clarifying. It is calming and promotes deep, dreamless sleep.
Ashwagandha is a good food for weak pregnant women; it helps to stabilize the fetus. It also regenerates the hormonal system, promotes healing of tissues, and can be used externally on wounds, sores, etc. Five grams of the powder can be taken twice a day in warm milk or water, sweetened with raw sugar.
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BALA, Indian Country MallowSida cordifolia; Malvaceae
(S) Bala, what gives strength;owing to its strong tonic properties Part Used: mainly root Energetics: sweet/cooling/sweet VPK= K and Ama+ (in excess)
Tissues: works on all tissue-elements, especially marrow or nerve tissue Systems: circulatory nervous, urinary reproductive
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Actions: tonic, rejuvenative, aphrodisiac, demulcent, diuretic, stimulant, nervine, analgesic, vulnerary Indications: heart disease, facial paralysis, sciatica, insanity, neuralgia, rheumatism, asthma, emaciation, exhaustion, sexual debility, cystitis, dysentery, leucorrhea, chronic fevers, convalescence Precautions: few, congestive disorders of high Ama or Kapha Preparation: decoction, milk decoction, powder (250 mg to
1 g), paste, medicated oil Ayurvedic medicine uses several varieties of the Mallow family
(like marshmallow)
as tonics, demulcents and rejuvenatives.
These include bala, mahabak
(Sida rhombifolia), and atibala (Abutilon indicum), as well as Cotton Root, the root of the cotton plant. Though they all possess similar properties, bala is a more effective heart tonic, and atibala is a stronger diuretic, while cotton root is heating and is a stronger emmenagogue.
BALA is a tonic and rasayana for all kinds of Vata disorders.
It feeds the nerves and is soothing for arthritic pain. It is also rejuvenative, nutritive and a stimulant to the heart. For deep seated, intermittent fevers, it can be given with ginger or black pepper. It relieves inflammation of nerve tissue.
Externally, as a medicated oil, it is good for nerve pain and numbness, and its softening action dispels muscle cramps. As a milk decoction with sugar, it is a good nutritive and
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aphrodisiac.
It promotes healing of tissue in chronic infectious diseases.
BHRINGARAJhdiyia. a\ha, etc.; Comyositae
(S) Bhringaraja, Keskaraja, “ruler of the hair/” as it promotes growth of head hair
(C) Han lian cao Part Used: herb Energetics: bitter, pungent/heating/pungent VK- increases Pitta only in excess Tissues: plasma, blood, bone, marrow, reproductive Systems: circulatory, nervous, digestive Actions:
tonic, rejuvenative, alterative, hemostatic, antipyretic, nervine, laxative, vulnerary Indications: premature greying of hair, balding, alopecia, loose or falling teeth, enlargement of liver and spleen, cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, bleeding, dysentery, anemia, skin diseases, insomnia, mental disorders Precautions: severe chills Preparation: infusion (hot or cold), decoction, powder (250
mg to 1 g\ medicated oil, medicated ghee BHRINGARAJ is a preventative to the aging process which maintains and helps rejuvenate bones, teeth, hair, sight,
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hearing, and memory. It is rejuvenative for the liver and an excellent medicine for cirrhosis. It is also the best Ayurvedic herbal medicine for the hair. Bhringaraj oil is famous for making the hair black and luxuriant; for removing greyness and reversing balding. It helps calm the mind from excessive activity and promotes sound sleep.
In many respects it is similar to hrahmi, or gotu kola, in its properties. It combines the properties of a bitter tonic like dandelion (for which it is a substitute) with a rejuvenative tonic.
Applied externally, it helps draw out poisons and reduces inflammation and swollen glands. It is a good tonic for the mind. Bhringaraj also is good for the complexion. Bhringaraj grows wild in the southwestern United States.
BIBHITAKI, Beleric MyrobalanTerminalia bekrica;
Combretaceae
(S) Bibhitaki Part Used: fruit Energetics: astringent/heating/sweet KP- V+ (in excess)
Tissues: plasma, muscle, bone Systems: respiratory, digestive, excretory, nervous
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Actions: astringent, tonic, rejuvenative, expectorant, laxative, anthelmintic, antiseptic, lithotriptic Indications: cough, sore throat, laryngitis, bronchitis, catarrh, stones, chronic diarrhea, dysentery, parasites, eye diseases Precautions: high Vata Preparation: infusion, decoction, powder (250 mg to 1 g), paste BIBHITAKI is another powerful rejuvenative herb of the various myrobalan trees which are widely used in India. It is tonic to Kapha, to the lungs; it improves voice, vision, and promotes the growth of hair. It is both strongly laxative and strongly astringent, cleansing the bowels and increasing their tone. Bibhitaki is effective for all manner of stones and Kapha accumulations in the digestive, urinary and respiratory tract; it liquifies and expels them, including removal of parasites. It astringes and tones the stomach and increases appetite.
Though it is heating in energy, it does not aggravate Pitta.
As a powder mixed with honey, it can be taken for sore throat and impaired voice; it may also be used as a gargle. Used externally, it is an antiseptic. Usually, it is used as part of the compound triphala (see haritaki).
CHRYSANTHEMUM
Chrysanthemum indicum;
Compositae
(S) Sevantij service, as it gives the energy of devotion, surrender and service to the Divine
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(C) Ju hua Part Used: flowers
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Energetics: bitter, sweet/cooling/pungent
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PK- V+ (in excess)
Tissues: plasma, blood, marrow Systems: digestive, respiratory, nervous Actions: diaphoretic, antipyretic, alterative, antispasmodic Indications: headache, sore throat, eye infections, nose bleeds, boils, dysmenorrhea, liver diseases Precautions: few, high Vata Preparation: infusion (hot or cold), powder (250 mg to 1 g)
The common CHRYSANTHEMUM flower grown in gardens is a good cooling tea for summer heat or for Pitta-constitution individuals. Two teaspoons of the flowers may be steeped per cup of water. Chrysanthemum brightens the eyes and improves the vision, and is an important ingredient in many formulas for eye diseases. It cools and regulates the Pitta that governs vision. It calms Pittogenic emotions like anger and irritability.
Soothing liver function, it helps promote menstruation, as it relieves menstrual cramps and headaches.
It also works to promote lactation.
Chrysanthemum is an important flower in Puja (devotional worship). It aids in the surrender of the egoistic will (a function of deranged Pitta) to the Divine.
EPHEDRAEphedra vulgaris; Gnetaceac
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(S) Somalata, from its similarities to soma as a strong stimulant to the nervous system
(C) Ma huang Part Used: branches Energetics: pungent, astringent/heating/pungent K- P+ V+ (in excess)
Tissues: plasma, muscle, marrow and nerve Systems: respiratory, nervous, circulatory, urinary Actions: stimulant, diaphoretic, expectorant, antispasmodic, diuretic, analgesic Indications: colds, cough, dyspnea, wheezing, bronchitis, asthma, arthritis, dropsy, facial edema Precautions:
hypertension, cardiac pain, palpitations, insomnia, weak digestion Preparation: infusion, powder ( 250 to 500 mg), use low dosages unless certain it has no side effects EPHEDRA
is probably the strongest stimulant and diaphoretic herb. It has an action like adrenaline. It can be used as a substitute for coffee, but is also has side effects
(reduced somewhat by the addition of licorice to it). It may overstimulate the adrenals and burn out the nerves by its rajasic quality.
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Ephedra is a powerful bronchodilator and is the source of ephedrine, one of the main medicines for asthmatic attacks.
Yet it also may cause heart spasms. It is one of the most powerful Kapha reducing herbs, relieving cold, mucus, cough and edema, and promoting wakefulness and activity. It is used in many stimulant herbal blends and strongly stimulates the nerves. It relieves joint pain, promotes peripheral circulation and cleanses the lymphatics. It may be used with other milder diaphoretics like cinnamon and ginger.
AMERICAN EPHEDRA, also called Mormon tea, Brigham tea or joint fir, does not possess these same diaphoretic and anti-cough properties as the oriental variety. It is more commonly used as a diuretic, somewhat like juniper berries.
FO-TIPolygonum muhiflorum; Polygonaceae
(C) He shou wu Part Used: root (processed)
Energetics: sweet, bitter, astringent/cooling/sweet PV– K and Ama + (in excess)
Tissues: works on all tissue-elements Systems: reproductive, urinary, circulatory Actions: tonic, rejuvenative, aphrodisiac, astringent, nervine Indications: anemia, neurasthenia, impotence, lower back pain, premature greying or falling of the hair, enlarged lymph
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glands, excessive menstruation, leucorrhea, arteriosclerosis, diabetes Precautions: weak digestion, severe congestion or edema Preparation: decoction, milk decoction, powder (250 mg to
1 g)
FO-TI is an important Chinese rejuvenative herb that is commonly available in this country. It builds the blood and sperm and strengthens the muscles, tendons, ligaments and bones. It strengthens the kidneys, the liver and the nervous system and is a famous restorative for the hair. In terms of Ayurveda it is rejuvenative for Pitta and Vata, and can be used in place of Ayurvedic tonics that are still largely unavailable here.
Fo-ti is often combined with gotu kola, which brings together one of the most important Chinese rejuvenatives with one of the most important Indian. Both are used to counter the effects of aging; fo-ti is better for rebuilding tissues; gotu kola is better for revitalizing the mind.
One-half ounce of fo-ti can be simmered for thirty minutes in one pint of water and taken daily. Or equal amounts of fo-ti and gotu kola can be taken along with a small amount of fennel seeds to facilitate their absorption.
GINSENGPanax ginseng; Araliaceae
(C) Ren shen Part Used: root
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Energetics: pungent, bitter, sweet/heating/sweet VPK= PK+ (in excess)
Tissues: works on all tissue-elements of the body Systems:
digestive, respiratory, circulatory, nervous, reproductive Actions:
tonic, rejuvenative, stimulant, aphrodisiac, demulcent, nervine Indications: old age, senility, debility, emaciation, fatigue, impotence, convalescence, to improve energy Precautions:
high blood pressure, fever, inflammatory conditions, high Pitta, high Ama conditions generally, may overstimulate Vata in excess, obesity Preparation: decoction, milk decoction, powder (250 to 500
mg)
GINSENG is one of the best tonic and rejuvenative herbs, promoting growth and revitalization of the body and mind. It works particularly well for Vata disorders of tissue-deficiency found in old age. Those who are not weak may find it a stimulant, like coffee. It is excellent for promoting weight and tissue-growth in the body (including nerve tissue).
For rejuvenative purposes, it combines well with ashwagandha, an Indian herb of similar properties, when taken three grams twice a day. With ginger, it can be used to
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promote digestion and assimilation. It is a good general tonic cooked in milk.
American ginseng has similar properties but is said to be cooler in energy. It is a better demulcent and tonic to the lungs; better for Pitta individuals, but more likely to aggravate Kapha. American ginseng from the northern part of the country, the Catskills, however, is hotter and more like the Korean. The American variety is not inferior to the Chinese and we should make better use of it.
GOKSHURA; CaltropsTribulis terrestris; Zygophyllaceae
(S) Cokshura, Shvadamstra
(C) Chi li Part Used: fruit Energetics: sweet, bitter/cooling/sweet VPK=
Tissues: plasma, blood, marrow and nerve, reproductive Systems: urinary, reproductive, nervous, respiratory Actions: diuretic, lithotriptic, tonic, rejuvenative, aphrodisiac, nervine, analgesic Indications: difficult or painful urination, edema, kidney or bladder stones, chronic cystitis, nephritis, hematuria, gout, rheumatism, lumbago, sciatica, impotence, infertility, seminal
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debility, venereal diseases, cough, dyspnea, hemorrhoids, diabetes Precautions: dehydration Preparation: decoction, milk decoction, powder (25o mg to
1 g), medicated oil GOKSHURA is effective in most urinary tract disorders because it promotes the flow of urine, cools and soothes the membranes of the urinary tract, and aids in the discharge of stones. It stops bleeding, strengthens kidney function, while at the same time, nourishing the kidneys. As such, it is a rejuvenative tonic for the kidneys. It also strengthens the reproductive system by increasing semen; it is invigorating to postpartum women. Gokshura is rejuvenative to Pitta} at the same time, calming Vata with a sedative effect upon the nervous system. It is free of the side effects of most diuretics, and is somewhat similar in properties to marshmallow It is a good harmonizing herb for most kidney formulas. It is sattvic in nature and promotes clarity.
Taken as a milk decoction it is a strong aphrodisiac. With equal amounts of dry ginger, it relieves nerve and back pain.
With equal amounts of ashwagandha powder, three grams twice a day it is a powerful revitalizer. The oil is good for alopecia and premature balding.
Gokshura is a common weed in the United States called Goat’s Head or Puncture Vine, whose powerful medicinal qualities appear unknown here.
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Another important tonic and rejuvenative for the kidneys is punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa). It is usually used with gokshura in diuretic formulas.
GOTU KOLACentella asiatica; Umbelliferae Part Used: herb Energetics: bitter/cooling/sweet VPK=
Tissues: all tissue-elements but reproductive, mainly blood, marrow and nerve Systems: nervous, circulatory digestive Actions: nervine, rejuvenative, alterative, febrifuge, diuretic Indications: nervous disorders, epilepsy, senility, premature aging, hair loss, chronic and obstinate skin conditions, venereal diseases Precautions: may aggravate itching, in large doses may cause headaches or temporary loss of consciousness Preparation:
infusion
(hot or cold), decoction, milk decoction, powder
(250
to
500
mg), medicated ghee, medicated oil GOTU KOLA is a close relative of Brahmi (Hydrocotyle asiatica) and is often used in the West as a substitute for it, for which it generally functions quite well, though with better
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diuretic and not quite as strong nervine properties. The herb increases intelligence, longevity, and memory. It fortifies the immune system, both cleansing and feeding it, and strengthens the adrenals. At the same time, it is a powerful blood purifier and is specific for chronic skin diseases, including leprosy and syphilis, as well as eczema and psoriasis. It is valuable in intermittent or periodic fevers, like malaria. Gotu kola is a tonic for Pitta. At the same time it inhibits Vata, calms the nerves, and helps reduce excessive Kapha. Note also section under Brahmi.
GUGGUL, Indian Bedellium Commiphora mukul;
Burseaceae
(S) Guggulu Part Used: resin
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Energetics:
bitter, pungent, astringent, sweet/heating/
pungent KV- P+ (in excess)
Tissues: works on all tissue-elements Systems: nervous, circulatory, respiratory, digestive Actions:
rejuvenative, stimulant, alterative, nervine, antispasmodic, analgesic, expectorant, astringent, antiseptic Indications: arthritis, rheumatism, gout, lumbago, nervous disorders, neurasthenia, debility, diabetes, obesity, bronchitis, whooping cough, dyspepsia, hemorrhoids, pyorrhea, skin diseases, sores and ulcers, cystitis, endometritis, leucorrhea, tumors Precautions: acute kidney infections, acute stage of rashes Preparation: pill, powder (250 to 500 mg), paste GUGGUL is the most important resin used in Ayurvedic medicine. Similar to myrrh, it possesses strong purifying and rejuvenating powers. A whole series of medicines, called gugguls, consist mainly of this herb, with smaller amounts of other herbs used to direct its healing properties. It is a rejuvenative for Vata, and also for Kapha; it only mildly aggravates Pitta after long term usage.
Guggul increases white blood cell count and disinfects secretions, including mucus, sweat and urination. It increases appetite, clears the lungs, and helps heal the skin and mucous
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membranes–though it is more for chronic than acute conditions. It can be applied externally as a plaster, as well as a gargle for ulcerated conditions of the mouth and throat.
Guggul helps regulate menstruation. While not nutritive in itself, it does catalyze tissue regeneration, particularly nerve tissue. It also reduces fat, toxins, tumors and necrotic tissue. It is the best medicine for arthritic conditions.
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HARITAKI, Chebulic MyrobalanTerminalia chebuk;
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Combretaceae
(S) Haritaki, because it carries away (harate) all diseases or because it is sacred to Shiva (Hard), also called Abhaya as it promotes fearlessness
(C) He zi (also the King of Medicines in Tibetan medicine)
Part Used: fruit Energetics: all tastes but salty predominantly astringent/
heating/sweet VPK=
Tissues: works on all tissue elements Systems: digestive, excretory nervous, respiratory Actions: rejuvenative, tonic, astringent, laxative, nervine, expectorant, anthelmintic Indications:
cough, asthma, hoarse voice, hiccough, vomiting, hemorrhoids, diarrhea, malabsorption, abdominal distention, parasitic infections, tumors, jaundice, spleen diseases, heart disease, skin diseases, itching, edema, nervous disorders Precautions: pregnancy, dehydration, severe exhaustion or emaciation, in excess high Pitta Preparation: decoction, powder (250 to 500 mg), paste
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HARITAKI, though its taste is very astringent and unpleasant, is one of–if not the most–important Ayurvedic herb. It is a rejuvenative for Vata, regulating Kapha and only aggravating Pitta in excess. It feeds the brain and the nerves and imparts the energy of Shiva (pure awareness).
Haritaki is an effective astringent and gargle for ulcerated surfaces and membranes. It regulates the colon and, according to dosage, corrects either constipation or diarrhea. It improves digestion and absorption, promotes voice and vision, and aids in longevity. Haritaki increases wisdom and intelligence.
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It raises prolapse of the organs and checks excessive discharges, including cough, sweating, spermatorrhea, menorrhagia, and leucorrhea. It reduces accumulated and congested Vata.
Haritaki is the basis for triphala, the three fruits {haritaki, amalaki and bib-hitaki), and is one of the main Ayurvedic compounds. Triphala is the best laxative and bowel tonic; a balanced rasayana, and an effective astringent for external use. Haritaki is rejuvenative for Vata; amalaki for Pitta;
bibhitaki for Kapha. The conditions indicated under these three herbs can be treated by this compound.
JASMINE FLOWERSJasminum grandifhrum; Oleaceae
(S) jto Part Used: flowers Energetics: bitter, astringent/cooling/pungent KP- V+ (in excess)
Tissues: plasma, blood, bone, marrow Systems: nervous, circulatory, reproductive Actions:
alterative, refrigerant, antibacterial, hemostatic, emmena-gogue, aphrodisiac, nervine Indications:
emotional disturbances, headaches, fever, sunstroke, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, burning urethra, bleeding
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disorders, bacterial or viral infections, cancer of lymph nodes, cancer of bones, Hodgkiirs disease Precautions: severe chills, high Vata Preparation: infusion (hot or cold, do not boil), powder (250
to 500 mg), paste, medicated oil JASMINE FLOWERS are strongly cooling and calming.
Their blood-cooling effects include strong antibacterial, antiviral and antitumor action, through which they also stop bleeding. They strengthen the lymphatic system and are helpful in different kinds of cancer, including breast cancer.
They are excellent for fevers and the oil helps relieve sunstroke.
Jasmine flowers are mildly aphrodisiac for the female and cleanse the uterus. Sattvic in quality they increase love and compassion. They carry psychic influences, make the mind receptive, aid, receive and radiate the vibrations of mantras.
They combine well with sandalwood for most purposes. They are also useful in high fevers from infectious and contagious diseases.
LOTUSNelumbo nucifcra; Nymyhacceae
(S) Padma, Kamala, Pushkara, etc. Sanskrit abounds with many names for the lotus, India’s most sacred plant and symbol of spiritual unfoldment
(C) Lian zi (seed), Ou jie (root)
Part Used: mainly seeds and root
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Energetics: sweet, astringent/cooling/sweet PV- K+ (in excess)
Tissues: plasma, blood, marrow and nerve, reproductive Systems: digestive, circulatory reproductive, nervous Actions: nutritive tonic, rejuvenative, aphrodisiac, astringent, hemostatic, nervine Indications:
diarrhea, bleeding disorders, menorrhagia, leucorrhea, impotence, spermatorrhea, venereal diseases, heart weakness Precautions: Ama conditions, indigestion, food stagnation, constipation Preparation: decoction, powder (250 mg to 1 g), food LOTUS
SEEDS
and LOTUS
ROOT
are tonic and rejuvenating foods. The seeds work more as a cardiac tonic and as a seminal tonic. The root has stronger astringent and hemostatic properties and works more on first chakra disorders (diarrhea, hemorrhoids, etc.) as its quality is heavier. As a food, lotus seeds can be taken as a powder, five grams three times a day, with basmati rice or other tonics like shatavari and ashwagandha, suitably spiced and sweetened.
The lotus is sacred to Lakshmi, the goddess of prosperity, and brings material and spiritual abundance. It calms the mind and subdues restless thoughts and dreams. Lotus seeds help open the heart center; lotus root, the root center. The seeds are
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good for devotion and aspiration. They also improve speech, help stop stuttering and improve concentration.
Makhanna (Chinese foxnuts, Euyrale ferox) has similar properties and is often used together with lotus seeds.
American white pond lily (water lily root) has similar properties to lotus root; it is a good astringent and hemostatic with the power to heal tumors.
MANJISHTA, Indian MadderRubia cordipha; Rubiaceae
(S) Manjishta (C) Qian cao Part Used: root Energetics: bitter, sweet/cooling/pungent PK- V+
Tissues: plasma, blood, muscles Systems: circulatory, female reproductive Actions: alterative, hemostatic, emmenagogue, astringent, diuretic, lithotriptic, antitumor Indications:
amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, menopause, bleeding disorders, kidney or bladder stones, gall stones, jaundice, hepatitis, diarrhea, dysentery, broken bones, traumatic injuries, cancer, heart disease, skin problems, dropsy, rickets, paralysis, herpes Precautions: severe chills, high Vata
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Preparation: decoction, powder (250 mg to 1 g), paste, medicated ghee MANJISHTA
is probably the best alterative or blood-purifying herb in Ayurvedic medicine. It cools and detoxifies the blood, arrests hemorrhage, dissolves obstructions in blood flow, and removes stagnant blood. Good for all inflammatory conditions of the blood (or the female reproductive system), its obstruction-dissolving action extends to the liver and kidneys. It dissolves stones and helps destroy tumors, benign or malignant. It increases blood flow and promotes healing of tissue damaged by injury or infection. Manjishta even helps knit broken bones; it is, therefore, a good first aid medicine. An effective medicine for toxic blood conditions (such as genital herpes), it cleanses and regulates liver, spleen and kidney function.
Externally, it can be used as a paste with honey for skin discoloration or skin inflammations. Or it can be made into a paste with licorice to soothe burned or damaged tissue. It is one of the main anti-Pitta herbs.
European madder (Rubia tinctorum) has similar properties and is a good substitute.
MVSTA,NutgrassCyperus rotundus; Cyytractat
(S) Musta
(C) Xiang fu Part Used: rhizome
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Energetics: pungent, bitter, astringent/cooling/pungent PK- V+ (in excess)
Tissues: plasma, blood, muscle, marrow and nerve Systems: digestive, circulatory, female reproductive Actions:
stimulant, carminative, astringent, alterative, emmenagogue, antispasmodic, anthelmintic Indications: menstrual disorders, dysmenorrhea, menopause, diarrhea, malabsorption, indigestion, sluggish liver Precautions: constipation, high Vata Preparation: decoction (low simmer), powder (250 mg to 1
g)
MUSTA is the Indian variety of the common nutgrass found in most marshy areas and river bottoms. It is one of the most important herbs for treating female disorders because it relieves menstrual pain, dispels premenstrual congestion of blood and water. It is one of the most effective menstrual regulators.
Musta is one of the best digestive stimulants for Pitta constitution and an effective stimulant for the liver. It improves absorption in the small intestine and thereby stops diarrhea, while at the same time helping to destroy parasites.
As such it may be helpful in such problems as Candida, gastrointestinal yeast infections. It is effective in chronic
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fevers and for promoting digestion in such conditions as gastritis.
As an emmenagogue, it can be used with shatavari or tang kuei in proportions of 1 to 4, one ounce of the herbs simmered in one pint of water for twenty minutes. With ginger and honey it is a good all-purpose medicine for improving digestion. It is particularly good for the emotional problems of P.M.S., i.e. depression or irritability.
NEEMAzadiracta indica; Meliaceae
(S) Nimba Part Used: bark, leaves (available at most Indian markets)
Energetics: bitter/cooling/pungent PK- V+
Tissues: plasma, blood, fat Systems: digestive, circulatory, respiratory, urinary Actions: bitter tonic, antipyretic, alterative, anthelmintic, antiseptic, antiemetic Indications: skin diseases (urticaria, eczema, ringworm), parasites, fever, malaria, cough, thirst, nausea, vomiting, diabetes, tumors, obesity, arthritis, rheumatism, jaundice Precautions: diseases of cold and tissue deficiency generally
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Preparation: infusion (hot or cold), decoction, powder (250
to 500 mg), paste, medicated gkee, medicated oil NEEM is one of the most powerful blood-purifiers and detoxifiers in Ayurvedic usage. It cools the fever and clears the toxins involved in most inflammatory skin diseases or those found in ulcerated mucous membranes. It is a powerful febrifuge, effective in malaria and other intermittent and periodic fevers (in which case it is usually used with black pepper and gentian).
Ncetn can be taken whenever a purification or reduction program is indicated. It clears away all foreign and excess tissue, and possesses a supplementary astringent action that promotes healing. Yet it should be used with discretion where there is severe fatigue or emaciation. In a medicated oil, it is one of the best healing and disinfectant agents for skin diseases, and anti-inflammatory agent for joint and muscle pain.
PIPPALI, Indian Long PepperPiper longutn; Piptractat
(S) Pippali
(C) Chinese: Bi bo Part Used: fruit Energetics: pungent/heating/sweet VK- P+
Tissues: plasma, blood, fat, marrow and nerve, reproductive
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Systems: digestive, respiratory, reproductive Actions: stimulant, expectorant, carminative, aphrodisiac, anthelmintic, analgesic Indications: colds, coughs, asthma, bronchitis, laryngitis, arthritis, rheumatism, gout, dyspepsia, abdominal distention, flatulence, abdominal tumors, lumbago, sciatica, epilepsy, paralysis, worms Precautions: high Pitta (inflammatory conditions)
Preparation: infusion, milk decoction, medicated oil, powder
(100 to 500 mg)
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PIPPALIj like its close relative black pepper, is a powerful stimulant for both the digestive and respiratory systems. It is strongly heating and removes cold, congestion and Ama, and revives weakened organic functions. Unlike black pepper it is also a ejuvenative, mainly for the lungs and for Kapha.
Prepared as a milk decoction, it can help cure chronic, degenerative lung diseases like asthma.
Piypah is also an aphrodisiac and strengthens reproductive functions, warming and energizing the reproductive organs.
Three of the pods may be taken daily in the morning with a
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little honey to control excess secretions, mucus and Kapha.
Alternatively ten black peppercorns can be used.
Together with black pepper and dry ginger, pipyali forms the compound known as trikatu, or the three spices. This is the main stimulant compound used in Ayurveda.
Trikatu rejuvenates Agni, burns away Ama and allows for the assimilation of other medicines and foods.
REHMANNIARehmannia glutinosa; Scrophuhriaceae
(C) Di huang (cooked, Shu di huang)
Part Used: root Energetics: sweet, bitter/cooling/sweet PV- K and Ama +
Tissues: plasma, blood, marrow and nerve, reproductive Systems: reproductive, urinary, digestive, respiratory Actions: nutritive tonic, rejuvenative, aphrodisiac, demulcent, laxative, emmenagogue Indications: weak kidneys, low back pain, sexual debility
(male or female), irregular menstruation, cirrhosis, anemia, hair loss, diabetes, senility Precautions: weak digestion, severe congestion or edema Preparation: mainly decoction, powder (250 mg to 1 g)
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REHMANNIA is an important tonic and rejuvenative herb for the kidneys and liver, widely used in Chinese medicine. The raw form is used for clearing deep-seated fevers and is thought to be cooling in energy. The cooked form is used for most tonic purposes and is thought to be slightly warming.
In terms of Ayurveda, Rehmannia is Kapha in nature; it increases bodily tissues, fluids and secretions. Both kinds, raw and cooked, decrease Pitta and treat such Pitta disorders as anemia. Cooked rehmannia is a good substitute for shatavari as a tonic and rejuvenative for the uterus.
Cooked rehmannia is a major herb for the problems of aging and helps counter dryness and lack of vitality of high Vata conditions. Yet it is somewhat greasy and may need to be given along with digestion-increasing herbs like cinnamon or ginseng, so that it does not cause diarrhea. Five to ten grams can be simmered in a pint of water for thirty minutes and one cup can be taken before meals as a nutritive tonic.
SHATAVARIAsparagus racemosus; Liliaceae
(S) Shatavari, “who possesses a hundred husbands,” as its tonic and rejuvenative action on the female reproductive organs is said to give the capacity to have a hundred husbands
(C) Tian men dong Part Used: root Energetics: sweet, bitter/cooling/sweet PV- K or Ama+ (in excess)
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Tissue: works on all tissue-elements Systems: circulatory, reproductive, respiratory, digestive Actions: tonic (general, reproductive and nervine), nutritive, rejuvenative, demulcent, antacid Indications: debility of the female organs, sexual debility generally, infertility, impotence, menopause, diarrhea, dysentery, stomach ulcers, hyperacidity, dehydration, lung abscess, hematemesis, cough, convalescence, cancer, herpes, leucorrhea, chronic fevers Precautions: high Ama, excessive mucus Preparation: decoction, milk decoction, powder (250 mg to
1 g), paste, medicated ghee, medicated oil SHATAVARI is the main Ayurvedic rejuvenative for the female-as is ashwagandha for the male (though both have some action on both sexes). It is a rasayan for Pitta, for the female reproductive system, and for the blood. As such, it can be prepared as a milk decoction, along with ghee, raw sugar, honey and pippali.
It is an effective demulcent for dry and inflamed membranes of the lungs, stomach, kidneys and sexual organs. As such, it is good for ulcers, and with its thirst-relieving and fluid-protecting powers it is good for chronic diarrhea and dysentery.
Externally, it is an effective emollient for stiff joints, stiff neck and muscle spasms. It soothes and calms Vata.
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It increases milk, semen and nurtures the mucous membranes.
It both nourishes and cleanses the blood and the female reproductive organs. It is a good food for menopause or for those who have had hysterectomies, as it supplies many female hormones. It nourishes the ovum and increases fertility, yet its quality is sattvic and aids in love and devotion. Three grams of the powder can be taken in one cup of warm milk sweetened with raw sugar.
Western asparagus root has some similar properties but is more diuretic.
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VAMSHA
ROCHANA, Bamboo Manna Bambusa arundinaceae;
Graminaceae
(S) Vamsha-rochana
(C) Zhu ru Part Used: the siliceous deposits or milky bark of the plant
(sap may be used as substitute)
Energetics: sweet, astringent/cooling/sweet PV-K+
Tissues: plasma, blood, marrow and nerve Systems: respiratory, circulatory, nervous Actions:
demulcent, expectorant, tonic, rejuvenative, antispasmodic, hemostatic Indications: colds, cough, fever, asthma, bleeding disorders, emaciation, debility, dehydration, palpitation, vomiting, consumption Precautions: may increase congestion if not balanced out by pungent herbs like ginger and pippali.
Preparation: decoction, milk decoction, powder (250 mg to
1 g)
The bamboo plant has extensive medicinal usages. The leaves and the milky inner bark of the plant, called VAMSHA
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ROCHANA
or bamboo manna, have strong anti-Pitta properties that help conditions of lung weakness. It also stops bleeding and clears fever and cough.
Vamsha rochana is a rejuvenative for the lungs and an all-purpose moistening expectorant like comfrey root. With heating diaphoretics, it forms the basis for some of the major anti-cold and cough formulas in Ayurvedic medicine. At the same time, it is nourishing and helps increase vigor and strength for recovery from chronic diseases and for tissue-deficiency. It nurtures the heart and soothes the nervous system. It relieves thirst and anxiety and improves the blood.
WILD YAMDioscorca spy.; Dioscoraceae
(S) Aluka
(C) Shan yao Part Used: root Energetics: sweet, bitter/cooling/sweet VP- K+ (in excess)
Tissues:
plasma, muscle, fat, marrow and nerve, reproductive Systems: nervous, reproductive, digestive, urinary Actions: nutritive tonic, aphrodisiac, rejuvenative, diuretic, antispasmodic, analgesic
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Indications:
impotency, senility, hormonal deficiency, infertility, colic, nervous excitability, hysteria, abdominal pain and cramps Precautions: excess mucus in the body, congestion Preparation: decoction, milk decoction, powder (250 mg to
1 g)
Many of the different varieties of WILD YAM possess strong rejuvenative powers (others do not, so be sure of the particular species). They increase semen, milk and other hormonal secretions, as well as promoting body weight. The American variety also contains many hormones and is an effective tonic for the female reproductive system. It is also used for its nervine and antispasmodic properties. Some of the oriental varieties, as well as the Mexican variety, are regarded as rejuvenatives for men. Wild yam also has a soothing and harmonizing effect upon the digestive organs.
VIDARI-KANDA (Ipomomea digitata), a relative of the sweet potato, is used similarly to the wild yam as an aphrodisiac, galactogogue and nutritive tonic. In fact, it is thought to have stronger properties in this regard. It has been called an
“Indian ginseng.”
PUERARIA, the kudzu plant (Pueraria tuberosa), is used as a substitute for arrowroot and is a common weed (an invasive vine) in the southern United States. It is sometimes used as a substitute for vidari-kanda, and also has some aphrodisiac properties. Both plants produce massive, starchy roots.
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Five grams of the powder of wild yam, vidari-kanda or pueraria, can be cooked in a cup of milk with ghee, honey and raw sugar to taste, and taken daily as a restorative for seminal debility, deficient lactation or emaciation.
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APPENDICES
APPENDIX I
BEVERAGE TEAS FOR THE THREE DOSHAS
The use of herbal teas as beverages, as substitutes or alternatives for coffee or tea, has become very common. Yet without a proper understanding of constitution and condition, the use of such herbal teas may not be entirely health-promoting.
Below is a list of common herbs used as teas or general tonics. Other herbs that may be used as beverages should similarly be related according to constitution and condition so that their real effectiveness can manifest.
This is not to recommend all these herbs for general usage as beverages. Any herb you wish to take as a common beverage should be taken in low dosages and examined for possible long term effects.
KAPHA: Most herbal teas are good for Kapha, except those like licorice, which are sweet and mucus-forming.
Alfalfa, basil, blackberry, black pepper, burdock, cardamom, celery seeds, chamomile, cinnamon, cleavers, cloves, dandelion, eucalyptus, ginger, hawthorn, hyssop, juniper berries, lemon, Mormon tea, mustard seeds, nettle, orange peel, parsley, peppermint, sage, sassafras, skullcap,
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spearmint, sumach, thyme, wild carrot, wild ginger, yarrow, yellow dock PITTA: Many herbal teas are good for Pitta, but those pungent or hot in energy should be avoided.
Alfalfa, blackberry, burdock, chamomile, chicory, chrysanthemum, comfrey, coriander, cumin, dandelion, fennel, gotu kola, hibiscus, jasmine, lemon, lemon balm, lemon grass, licorice, lime, marshmal-low, motherwort, nettle, peppermint, raspberry, rose flowers, red clover, red root, saffron, sandalwood, skullcap, spearmint, strawberry, yellow dock VATA: Many herbal teas are good for Vata, but those bitter, astringent or cold in energy may not be beneficial.
Combinations of pungent and sweet herbs are best for Vata.
Anise, angelica, basil, bay leaves, cardamom, celery seeds, cinnamon, cloves, comfrey root, elecampane, eucalyptus, fennel, fenugreek, fo-ti, fresh ginger, ginseng, gotu kola, hawthorn, Irish moss, licorice, nutmeg, orange peel, rehmannia, safflower, sassafras, saw palmetto, sarsaparilla, Solomon’s seal, thyme, wild ginger, yerba sama SWEETENERS: Kapha constitution should avoid sweeteners in teas, except honey. All sweeteners are good for Pitta, except honey. All sweeteners are good for Vata and help balance out the Vata-increasing properties of some herbs.
Refined sugar, however, should be avoided, as it overstimulates the pancreas.
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Some teas good in moderation for all constitutions include chamomile, fennel, gotu kola, peppermint, rose flowers, sage, spearmint.
APPENDIX II
HERB CHART
Herbs are listed according to their common names. Taste is according to the six Ayurvedic tastes; sweet, sour, salty, pungent, bitter, astringent. Energy is heating or cooling. P-D
effect is vipaka or post-digestive effect (sweet, sour or pungent). Action on dosha: V is Vata, P is Pitta, K is Kapha,
+ is increases, – is decreases, 0 is neutral or mixed in effect.
VPK= is balancing to all three doshas. Therepeutic properties are according to western herbalism. Herbs starred are those also contained in the main text.
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